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The basic theories of mathematical morphology for binary image are stated, and the most simple structure elements of morphologic transformation for binary images are proposed and proved. The geodetic morphologic transformation models are also developed. For the purpose of improving the speed of transformation in computer, the"set symmetric difference"is introduced to adapt each model. Some new morphologic filtering models and quantitative evaluating model of filtering effects in image processing are proposed, under the applied condition. The morphologic thinning methods are studied, and two new morphologic thinning models are developed. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of mining maps, the image vectorizing tactics and a series of algorithms are proposed, including dynamic adaptive image thresholding using two thresholds, graphic and text separation, noise removal, and multi elements extracting models with mathematical morphology. Accuracy preserving compressed vectorizing model for image vectorization is put forward to generate vector data in multi layer.

论文对二值图象形态学的基础理论进行了较系统的阐述，提出并证明了二值图象处理中形态变换的最简单结构元素，并发展了测地形态变换模型；为了提高形态变换的计算机实现速度，引入了集合论中"对称差"的概念对各形态变换模型进行了改化；针对数学形态学在图象处理中的实际应用，提出了新的形态滤波模型及滤波效果的度量评价模型；研究了形态细化方法，提出了快速形态细化和保形快速形态细化算法；在研究矿图基本特征基础上，提出了人机协同矿图扫描图象矢量化处理策略及一系列扫描图象处理算法模型，包括双阈值动态自适应图象二值化、图文分离、噪声去除、图面多种要素提取形态变换模型等；在图象栅格—矢量转换中，提出了保精度压缩矢量化模型，以生成分层要素矢量数据。

In order to clearly recognize the geophysical response of carbonate reservoir,based on preliminary recognition of Ordovician carbonate reservoir under the basal surface in Tahe oilfield,some regular vug models and random arranged vug models were designed and built. The variable-grid finite difference method was used to simulate the seismic wave propagation in these models. Then,the seismic records of the models were analyzed and the effect to seismic reflections caused by vug is studied. The impact rule of regular vug scale and random arranged vug density on seismic attributes was obtained.

为了研究碳酸盐岩储层的地球物理响应特征，在对塔河油田奥陶系风化面下碳酸盐岩储层初步认识的基础上，利用随机介质建模技术，设计并建立了一系列碳酸盐岩储层规则孔洞和随机孔洞模型，并应用变网格有限差分法对地震波在孔洞模型中的传播进行了正演计算，对模拟得到的地震属性进行了分析，研究了孔洞对地震反射特征的影响，获得了规则孔洞尺度以及随机排列孔洞密度对地震属性的影响规律。

Thorough analysis of the present hydrate models as the base , contrapose to the deficiencies of present models, we have build a universal natural gas hydrate model base on the state equation which can be used in electrolytical and polarity inhibitors, realized the unite of electrolyte models and alcohol models.

在深入剖析目前水合物模型和实验的基础上，针对现有模型的不足，基于状态方程建立了一个适用于含电解质和极性抑制剂的通用天然气水合物计算模型，实现了电解质与醇类模型的统一。

We mainly discuss three types of inpainting models: the Bayesian model, geometric models and PDE models with emphasis on investigating TV inpainting, elastica inpainting and Mumford- Shah inpainting of PDE models. After studying the level set method and its applications to image processing, we concentrate on discussing the inpainting model...

在介绍水平集法及其在图像处理方面的应用之后，进一步深入地讨论了一类图像修复的变分模型—Mumford-Shah-Euler模型，在此基础上利用水平集法，提出MSE模型的数值逼近的算法格式，并对一些具体的图像修复问题开展数值模拟和修复，深入分析了MSE模型及水平集法在图像修复中的优缺点，这些结果在理论和实际应用中都很有意义。

Based on the achievements and developm ents in studying natural gas hydrates at home and abroad,the mechanism of causi ng the oil and gas reservoirs to be tightly sealed by the natural gas hydrates i s systematically analyzed in the paper through discussing the formation mechani sms,evolution properties and distribution laws of the natural gas hydrates.In li ght of the research on their control effects on petroleum accum ulation and reservoir preservation,several geologic models of oil and gas accumu lation and preservation related to the natural gas hydrates are proposed,such as vertically and laterally screened models,screened-by-drape and screened-by- contact models and syngenetically and epigenetically screened models,etc.

以国内外天然气水合物的研究成果和进展为基础，通过讨论天然气水合物的形成机制、演化特征以及其分布规律，系统分析了天然气水合物可以得天独厚地封盖油气藏的机理，探讨了其对油气藏尤其是气藏聚集和保存的控制作用，提出了天然气水合物聚集和保存油气的多类地质模式，如垂向遮挡和侧向遮挡、披覆遮挡和接触遮挡以及同生遮挡和后生遮挡等。

Modeling is one of the main methods used to research our world. Different kinds of models can be settled to solve different problems, such as physical models, mathematical models, figural models etc.

建模是人类认识世界和改造世界的主要方法之一，常用的数学模型有物理模型，数学模型，图示模型等等。

BMSCs and recombinant human GSF (50 μg/kg) were injected into models by tail vein and hypodermoclysis infusion respectively in the combination treatment group. Recombinant human GSF (50 μg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into models in the bone marrow stem cell autologous mobilization group. BMSCs were injected into rat models by tail vein in the BMSC group. Rat models in the heart failure group were intact.

造模后随机分成4组：联合治疗组尾静脉注射骨髓间充质细胞和皮下注入重组人粒细胞刺激因子50 μg/kg，自体骨髓干细胞动员组皮下注入重组人粒细胞刺激因子50 μg/kg，骨髓间充质干细胞组为尾静脉注射骨髓间充质细胞，心力衰竭组不给予任何干预。

The development of the forecast models shows that the foreign forecast models evolved from monocyclic ones to multi-cyclic ones emphasized the models'vertical development,whereas Chinese models such as the Weng's model and many others emphasized their horizontal development.

摘要追溯了石油峰值理论的起源，对国内外一系列关于石油峰值理论模型的定量研究表明，石油峰值理论模型大体有3种类型：①基于生命有限体系的生命模型；②基于概率论和统计学理论的随机模型；③基于生产实践和理论推理的广义数学模型。

Four thin-layer drying models were investigated for the description of FIR-assisted freeze-drying characteristics. The models were exponential model, Page model, diffusion model, and approximation of the diffusion model. Tests were conducted using a three-level, three-factor (drying temperature, distance between sample and FIR heater, and sample thickness) design, and quadratic polynomial analyses were performed to relate the drying parameters of thin-layer drying model. The performance of these thin-layer drying models was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of correlation (R2), the sum of squares, and the RMSE amongst four models. Drying parameter K of the Page model gave the best results in describing freeze-drying with FIR of Tylose and sweet potato.

运用四种薄层乾燥模型（指数、Page、渗透模型及近似渗透模型）研究远红外线冷冻乾燥之乾燥特性，实验采用三阶层、三因子（远红外线加热器设定温度、远红外线加热器至样品表面之距离及样品之厚度）的实验设计，对於薄层乾燥模型的乾燥参数以二次多项式函数表示之，乾燥参数之二次多项式函数的最适性判断主要是藉由决定系数、模式缺乏适合性及均方根误差等值的比较而加以评估，以Tylose及甘薯样品而言，其中四种薄层乾燥模型的乾燥参数以Page模型之K值的结果为最佳。

Space analysis and Bolton's analysis are two important parts of the orthodontic diagnostic and treatment planning procedures for malocclusions. Measuring data from plaster models with boley gauge or vernier caliper is a traditional method. Due to recent technologic advance, the models are allowed to be digitized and measured with software tools. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between measurements done by software tools on digital models and those done directly on plaster models.

在矫正的诊断与治疗计画拟定的过程中，齿列的空间分析及波顿牙齿比值分析都占了重要的一环；传统的方法是在石膏模型上用波利尺或游标卡尺来做测量与分析，现在由於电脑的进步与普及，石膏模型已可数位化，因此本研究主要是探讨手动测量石膏模型与使用电脑程式辅助测量数位化模型在分析上的差异。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。