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Comparing with classical viscoelastic models, fractional derivative models describe not only the constitutive of viscoelastic material and the related mechanics properties accurately in wide range, but also need less model parameters.

分数导数模型与其他经典模型相比不但能够精确地描述粘弹性材料的本构关系及其力学特性，而且确定模型所需实验参数少、能够在较宽的频率范围内描述材料的力学行为。

Through establishing the functional of the source pulse which is based on the concept of "usable energy" in the received pulse and then extremizing the functional by means of the calculus of variations, the mathematical models of the optimized source pulse waveforms are shown to be associated with the eigenfunctions of a homogeneous Fredholm linear integral equation of the second kind. An efficient algorithm is developed for numerically solving the integral equation models.

论文研究了基于延迟反射脉冲序列无源标签的UWB RFID系统的基本工作原理并进行了详细的信号描述和分析，通过建立基于接收脉冲"有效能量"概念的源脉冲波形函数的泛函和使用变分计算泛函极值，得到了相关于第二类齐次Fredholm线性积分方程特征函数的源脉冲波形最优解数学公式模型，并开发了一套有效的数值求解算法。

With Simulink, you can move beyond idealized linear models to explore more realistic nonlinear models, factoring in friction, air resistance, gear slippage, hard stops, and the other things that describe real-world phenomena.

藉由 Simulink ，你能超过理想化线性的模型移动探究比较现实的非线性模型，磨擦，空气阻力，齿轮滑动量，硬式障碍物的贷款保收，和描述真实的现象其他的物。

With the market scale enlarging, innovation deepening, market practice standardization and investors' structure improving, value investment has gradually become the main investment concept in the market, furthermore, a company's fundamental has become the key determinant in share pricing, and various pricing models on company's intrinsic value have gradually being used in company's initial public offering. Efficient Market Theory is one of the basic principles in modern finance theory, therefore the judgment on the market efficiency greatly affects the choosing and applying of valuation models.

随着证券市场规模的壮大、市场运行的规范、市场创新的深化、投资者队伍结构的改善以及国际化进程的加快，价值投资逐渐成为市场的主导投资理念，公司基本面开始成为股票估值的重要因素，在公司股票首次公开发行（initial public offering， IPO）中，基于公司内在价值评估的各种估值模型则在实践中逐步得到应用。

The models proposed, in addition to the VPC model proposed previously, include GAMM and GAMP for the modeling of manufacturing facility and process, respectively. The concepts of manufacturing capability for facility and process, as well as the mechanism for matching them, were also introduced into the proposed model. With these models, the knowledge of manufacturing facility and process for products with wide variations can be concisely represented for agile manufacturing execution control.

所提出之制造工程知识模型除先前所提之产品组构变异模型VPC外，尚包括表达生产设施变异知识之GAMM模型及表达制造流程变异知识之GAMP模型，此外，本文更引介了生产设施之产制能力及产品制程之产制能力需求的概念，以及两者如何匹配比对的机制，依此提出之制造工程知识模型及产制能力的概念定义与匹配机制，将能适当有效地表达非常多样变异的产品制造变异知识，从而能有效地支援精敏制造之执行管控的适切运作。

Firstly, the equivalency of case deletion model and mean-shift outlier model is investigated; and several diagnostic measures, such as Cook distance, generalized leverage, residuals, and likelihood ratio statistics et al., are obtained. Secondly, we investigate the local influence for the models, several commonly-used perturbed models are studied, and the close forms of influence matrices are obtained. At last, a real example illustrates that our method is available.

首先，证明了均值漂移模型与删除模型的等价性，并得到了残差、Cook距离，似然比统计量等诊断统计量；其次研究了该模型的局部影响分析，得到了局部影响分析的曲率度量；并分别对常见的扰动模型进行分析，得到了计算影响矩阵的简洁公式；然后，通过实例验证了方法的可行性。

This thesis is combined with the project－"design and exploitation of Automotive Constant Drive-Shaft", which is undertaken by the topic team. Based on the structural simplification to three-dimension solid models of ball-cage type and three column-shaft type constant velocity joint, and the three-dimension solid models are obtained by conversion engineering. Altair/Hpermesh software is used here for generating the finite element mesh of key parts of ball-cage type and three column-shaft type constant velocity joint.

本文结合课题组承担的"汽车等速驱动轴设计开发"项目，在对通过逆向工程方法获得的等速驱动轴的球笼式等速万向节和三枢轴式等速万向节三维实体模型进行结构简化的基础上，利用Altair/Hypermesh软件对球笼式和三枢轴式等速万向节的各关键零件进行了有限元网格划分。

Geometrical models and finite element models are set-up and calculations on the model are made both by using the software MSC/ PATRAN, which is convenient for applications.

如果能够找到应力集中或者结构变形最大的地方，就可预知结构可能在哪里发生破坏，继而采取相应措施。此外，省材和节能都有非常重要的意义。

This paper is mainly comprised of two components:preparation of models of rats suffering from deficiency of spleen Yang;comparison of the pharmacodynamics impacts of different Lizhong Pills formulations made up by dried ginger or its different components in Lizhong Pills to the different groups of the models.1 Establish the model of deficiency of spleen YANG induced by " cypsum fibrosum and anemarrhenae " with complex factors1.1 ObjectivesWith using heat-clearing and fire-purging drug cypsum fibrosum and anemarrhenae,insteading of the common usage of rhubarb and folium sennae,accompanied with irregular diet and overstrained,the model of deficiency of spleen-YANG is to be established,which is much close to the pathopoiesis theory of " frigidity and chilly damaging yang,irregular diet injuring qi,overstrain impairing the spleen" in TCM.1.2 MethodsModel rats is fully fed every other day,given the molding drug of cypsum fibrosum -anemarrhenae(concentration 4:1) with 3 different frequency,and arranged to swim everyday in 25℃water until exhausted(performing as spitting bubble 3 times continuously or sinking unable to float by itself).

全文共分为脾阳虚模型的制备和干姜及其成分对理中丸药效学影响的比较两大部分。1"石膏-知母"复合法脾阳虚模型的制备1.1目的以清热泻火药石膏-知母代替常用的大黄、番泻叶类苦寒泻下药，并结合饥饱失常、劳倦过度的方法进行造模，以期建立更符合中医"寒凉伤阳、饥饱伤气和劳倦伤脾"致病思路的中医脾阳虚证候模型。1.2方法模型动物隔日足量喂食，每日在25℃水中游泳，直至大鼠连续三次吐泡下沉，或沉入水底，3秒内不能自行浮出水面，并以三种不同给药频率灌胃给予石膏一知母煎液，比较石膏-知母不同给药方法对制备脾阳虚模型的影响。

Chapter three reviews the development process of gradate cultivating model in U.K., U.S. and Germany, analyze the present condition briefly, and generalizes the basic rules and common character of graduate cultivating models in developed country which works as a important reference to theoretic analysis and structure of models in our country.

第三章对德国、美国、英国三国研究生培养模式的演变轨迹进行回顾与梳理，简要分析三国研究生培养模式的现实状况，并总结发达国家研究生培养模式发展的基本规律与共同特征，为我国高校研究生培养模式的理论分析和模式建构提供借鉴。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。