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The present elastic-plastic model considers the summits of asperities with different radius and interaction between neighboring asperities when there is enough deformation for an asperity, so it is more practical than previous models, and is also a guide for further research of tribology models related to fractal characteristics.

建立的模型考虑各个微凸体具有不同的峰顶曲率半径，当变形足够大时考虑微凸体间的相互作用，因而较前人建立的模型更符合工程实际，同时也对与分形特征相关的摩擦学模型的进一步研究具有一定的指导作用。

The 4 new models have been optimized to be easy to build with ranging complexity, going from the Quick Start model that you can assemble and program in under 30 minutes, to the ultimate Humanoid – which is also easy to assemble and all models are designed for easy battery change.

4个新车型都得到了优化，以易于建立与各种复杂性，从快速启动模式，您可以组装和程序在30分钟，最终人-这也是很容易组装和所有型号的设计容易电池变化。

New sub-models for the four-way valve and the boost pump have been created by combined models. The initial parameters for the calculating analysis were determined at a rough estimate. The model has also been tested, modified and improved.

所构建的双燃料喷油器的计算模型能够较好的模拟复杂的双燃料结构特点和工作过程；采用模块组合的方法构造了四通阀和增压泵等新组件；采用估算的方法，确定了计算分析的初步参数；并对双燃料喷油器的计算模型进行了验证、调试和改进。

The common method, that all strong-correlation terms of the model are eliminated, can bring the loss in the engineering application, so the new method is proposed that the identified model reserves some correlation. The augmented matrix A is constructed by the outputΔW and the matrix S. The"determinating order based on ratio of determinant"is brought out to screen the strong-correlation terms in the structure identification. The latent root estimation is improved in screening the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus the estimation precision is improved greatly.The consistence check of guidance instrument error coefficients of flight test and ground test is the purpose of flight experiment. The causes of inconsistency of the two models are analyzed. The hypothesis test of linear regression model based on F statistics is proposed to check the consistence.Finally, the instability of error coefficients is probably caused by the change of the flight environments, therefore, the relation between the error coefficients and flight environment is analyzed. The approach is presented to identify SINS guidance instrument error models and compensate the error in the segmented sections corresponding to the change of vertical acceleration of aircraft.

在结构辨识中，常用的方法由于将模型中的强相关项全部剔除而给工程应用带来损失，因此，本文提出了新的有益思想，即在保留一定相关性的基础上进行辨识：将输出向量ΔW与环境函数矩阵S构成增广矩阵A，然后采用"比定阶行列式"来剔除相关向量的方法，这样既可以尽可能多地保留了对落点影响大的强相关参数，又可以对落点影响小的强相关参数给予剔除；在参数估计中，改进了特征根估计中特征根和特征向量的筛选方法，提出"近零"准则，从而大大提高了参数估计的精度；再者，鉴于天地模型"一致性"检验是飞行试验和SINS制导工具误差系数分离的主要目的，因此，本文又深入分析了造成天地模型不一致的原因，提出了采用基于F统计的线性回归模型假设检验方法来进行捷联制导工具误差模型的天地"一致性"检验；最后，鉴于飞行环境剧烈变化可能会对惯性仪表误差系数稳定性带来一定的影响，因此本文深入地分析了SINS制导工具误差系数与外界环境的关系，提出了基于过载变化大小的分段辨识和分段实时补偿的算法。

Stationary and nonstationary processes, including ARIMA processes. Estimation of process mean and autocovariance function. Fitting ARIMA models to data. Statistical tests for white noise. Forecasting. State space models and the Kalman filter. Robust time series analysis. Regression analysis with correlated errors. Statistical properties of long memory processes.

静态和非静态过程(包括 ARIMA 过程)，均值和时间序列分析：自协方差估计，用 ARIMA 模型拟和数据，白噪声序列的统计检验，预报，状态空间模型和 Kalman 过滤，时间序列分析的稳健性，残差具有相关性的回归分析。

According to the business processing of one axletree manufacturing enterprise,design the development models of its production management system.Based on these models,relative software company developes practical system for the manufacturing enterprise,and it runs well in the manufacturing enterprise.

基于UML这种面向对象建模语言和技术，结合某加工制造企业生产管理的业务流程，建立了生产管理信息系统的开发模型，在模型建立的基础上，相关软件企业开发了实用的信息系统，并且在该加工制造企业投入实施，取得了满意的效果。

Based on this,as a example of a axletree manufacturing enterprise in Jiangsu provinces design of production management information system.Utilizing UML,the thesis analyzes the realization of the information system in the company from the field of demand and problems,it establishes static,dynamic behaviour models,object view,database models,the component and deployment view,it brings out a comparatively complete designing course of information system.

在此基础上，以江苏某轴承加工制造企业生产管理信息系统构建为实例，基于UML，对公司的生产管理信息系统的实现进行了需求和问题领域分析，建立了静态、动态行为模型，类图、数据库模型及物理实现组件图和配置图，实现了信息系统概要分析与设计一个比较完整的过程。

This paper, firstly, after a deep study of image mathematical models, sets up two kinds of image models namely Laplace partial differential equation model and biharmonic equation model and then obtains the eigenvectors of image by the methods of eigenfunction expansion and boundary recurrence.

本文首先较深入地研究了图象的数学描述，提出图象的Laplace偏微分方程和双调和方程两种模型，继而采用特征函数展开法和边界递推法分别求得图象的特征矢量。

That means we will have multiple BIM models and we will be able to talk to all these different models.

也就是说，我们将有多套BIM模型，而且能实现多个模型间的互访。

For fitting ROC curves and getting the area under the ROC curve, we applied the parametric methods of binormal models and ordinal regression models, the semiparametric method of Cox proportional hazards model, the nonparametric methods of Hanley, Delong This paper also include estimation of required sample size, evaluation of confounding effects, and estimation of standard error and confidence interval by resampling method for ROC analysis.

目前该模型用于ROC分析的统计学方法比较完善，属于"经典"的ROC分析参数法。本文探讨了单变量、双变量双正态ROC模型的构建及其参数的最大似然估计方法；采用双变量卡方检验、真阳性率z检验、面积z检验三种方法比较了ROC曲线间是否具有显著性差异。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。