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Combined system simulation with optimal control, selected a typical water cooled primary/secondary chilled water system, used the research achievements of Annex 30 in IEA for the reference, this work firstly presents both the basic component models and the control system component models. Secondly gives the main models for parameter identification and experiment validation. Finally a dynamic digital simulator is set up using TRNSYS as the platform to substitute a real system to test and evaluate some kinds of online optimal supervisory control strategies after giving some essential data file input and finishing all the PID controllers'tuning.

本文将空调系统的仿真模拟与优化控制相结合，首先选择比较典型的水冷式二级泵集中空调系统，在国际能源组织IEA第30子课题Annex 30多年研究成果的基础上，建立了系统各设备的部件模型和控制系统部件模型，对主要模型参数的辨识方法进行分析，同时对其准确性给予验证；在此基础上，建立了以TRNSYS为仿真平台的集中空调水系统数字仿真器；通过必备数据文件的输入和对所有下位机控制回路PID参数的调试，最终完成可用于评估各种上位机优化控制方案的空调水系统数字仿真器。

The analysis of 3D noise indicates that the measurement is effective. Two MRC models of ICCD imaging system has been established based on system performance of energy and modulation transfer whose target is three-bar. One MRC model is under the condition of standard A lamp, and the other is under the condition of night photo-spectrum. Because the MRC models integrate sensitivity, noise, target spatial frequency, MTF and the performance of human eye all together, the MRC models can evaluate limit performance of photoelectric imaging system more roundly.

在系统能量传递特性和调制传递特性的基础上，以三条带图案为研究对象，从信号转换的角度出发，围绕每景象立体弧度角中ICCD的电子通量，建立了基于量子噪声和CCD噪声特性的微光ICCD成像系统MRC模型，MRC模型综合了系统灵敏度和噪声、目标空间频率、系统调制传递特性以及人眼视觉特性等因素，能更全面地反映光电成像系统的极限性能。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

In the new models, there is no need to level and orientate theodolites for self--locating of GeoIMS. Comparing with the common model, the new models can eliminate the errors of levelling and orientating in self-locating of GeoIMS. So it is pos sible to improve greatly the precision of GeoIMS in the new models.

与传统模型相比，这几种新的自定位模型或者不要求仪器严格整平，或者不要求仪器进行相对定向，因此不再受仪器的整平、定向等误差的影响，从而使得系统的整体测量精度大幅度提高成为可能。

First of all, this paper analyzes the distributing situation of sectional temperature of two steel frame models within an hour utilizing the transient thermal analyse module of ANSYS;Secondly, carries on the failure analysis to two steel frame models at high temperature and obtains the fire-resistant limit and critical temperature of steel frame, utilizing the static nonlinear analyse module of ANSYS and considering the influence of geometry nonlinearity and material nonlinearity; Finally, according to the fire-protection designing requirement of structure, deduce a method to computer the thickness of fireprotection layer for steel structure and ask out the thickness of fireprotection layer of two steel frame models according to this method .

首先，利用ANSYS瞬态热分析模块，分析出两个钢框架模型在一小时内钢框架的截面温度场分布情况；其次，利用ANSYS静力非线性分析模块，综合考虑几何非线性及材料非线性影响，对钢框架模型在高温下进行失效分析，分析出两个钢框架的耐火极限及临界温度；最后，根据结构防火设计要求，推导出一种钢结构防火层保护厚度的计算方法，并据此方法求出两个钢框架模型的防火层厚度。

The three-dimensional models are successfully imported to ADAMS software through the special interface MECH/PRO, and then the virtual prototype models are founded by toolbox of ADAMS to apply forces and constraints to the parts of the models. The dynamic simulation of the multi-rigid-body rifle model is carried out under the condition of the single shoot by the low firing frequency, high firing frequency and superhigh firing frequency when the rifle model is fixed on the ground, then the dynamic simulation of the multi-rigid-body man-weapon system is operated under the conditions of single and repeating shoots.

通过Pro／E和ADAMS的接口MECH／PRO将三维实体模型顺利导入ADAMS中，并对高频点射步枪和人枪系统施加约束和力，建立高频点射步枪和人枪系统的虚拟样机模型，并且对高频点射步枪及人枪系统进行了较为系统的多刚体系统动力学分析和研究，分别对高频点射步枪固定状态下次高频、高频和超高频点射过程进行了多刚体系统动力学的仿真，在此基础上对高频点射步枪人枪系统点射和连发进行了仿真。

The papers are organized in topical sections on probabilistic models, cryptology, pseudo random sequences, quantum models, statistics, probability theory, information measures, error concepts, performance criteria, search, sorting, ordering, planning, language evolution, pattern discovery, reconstructions, network coding, combinatorial models, and a problem section.

文件在概率的模型上被在与目前有关的部分里组织，密码学，假的随机序列，量模型，统计，概率论，信息测度，错误概念，性能准则，搜寻，分类，预订，计划，编码的语言演化，图案发现，重建，网络，组合的模型和一个问题部分。

In these cases,larger——than——life models are built.the american museum of natural history has models of fleas,houseflies,and a myriad other insects enlarged up to seventy-four times.the models show the stages of the insects' development and the workings of their bodies.

面临这些情况，便要制作大于实物的模型。美国自然史博物馆里陈列着放大到74倍的蚤、家蝇和万千种其他昆虫。这些模型展示了各种昆虫的各个发育阶段和它们的身体功能。

It is found that not all climatic models are suitable for grid computing: fine-grain models on a wide area network are not workable, but the efficiency of coarse-grain models is acceptable.

本文的实验表明SAMIL在并行计算时由于计算顺序改变而引起的误差在可接受范围之内，同时说明了双精度计算对改进计算结果有一定的帮助。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。