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Longitudinal reinforcement has been modeled with discrete element and stirrup has been modeled with smeared element. Smeared element, stirrup has been modeled using membrane element in or on concrete isoperimetric element. The constitutive relationship and failure criterion for concrete is the inter-facial model.

在建立钢筋混凝土的有限元模型时，混凝土采用的单元为八节点六面体等参单元，钢筋单元分为两种情况，纵向钢筋采用分离式钢筋单元，箍筋采用埋藏式钢筋单元，即箍筋作为附着在混凝土等参数单元内或单元上的"膜单元"。

The R/C frame structures were modeled with bar system and the column was modeled with multi-springs. The concrete and steel bars in column were considered as springs in order to reflect the coupling influence between the axial force and the moment-rotation relationship, the hysteresis of springs is based on the material properties and the rotation of column section is followed the plane assumption. The moment-rotation of beam section was modeled with trilinear hysteresis model.

混凝土框架分析模型采用杆系模型，其中柱采用多弹簧模型，柱端的混凝土和钢筋作为弹簧考虑以便反映柱轴力与弯矩－曲率的耦合关系，弹簧的滞回关系根据材料特性确定，柱截面的转动符合平截面假定，梁截面弯矩－转角关系采用三折线滞回关系模型。

The tether was modeled using finite difference approximation. The balloon was modeled using rigid-body dynamic model including the static derivative, dynamic derivative and added mass.

缆绳采用有限差分法，球体采用经典的六自由度方程，其中气动力导数以静导数、动导数和附加质量表示。

New modeled MRD sueding machine has overcome the shorting comings of older modeled MMD, such as large area occupied, difficult operation etc.

概述 MRD 系列磨毛机，克服了旧型号 MMD 系列占地面积大，操作困难等缺点，解决了依赖进口高价机的问题。

Firstly,different control strategies for sensor management are modeled by the real language measure. The legal behavior of control strategy modeled by FSA can generate a partially ordered set of controlled languages. Then an identification method of the language measure parameters based on an FSA model is proposed. The language measure creates a total ordering on the performance of the controlled languages.

首先，建立传感器管理控制策略的有限状态自动机模型，通过对可控制事件的非使能设定，描述不同控制策略；提出语言测度参数的递归估计方法与停止规则，并根据有限状态自动机模型产生语言的测度获得各种传感器控制策略的性能指标。

Quantified environment model was the basis for quantitative study on path planning of mobile robots.By using free-space method,the two-dimensional weighted network topology was created according to mobile robot environment.The path length of environment was modeled with length matrix and the path width of environment was modeled with width matrix.

移动机器人工作环境的定量建模是移动机器人路径规划定量分析的基础，采用自由空间法，建立移动机器人工作环境的二维带权网络拓扑模型，模型中的长度矩阵描述工作环境的路径实际长度，宽度矩阵描述工作环境的路径实际宽度。

Both motor car and each trailer of HST were modeled as a multi-rigid-body system with two suspensions, and LVT was modeled as an assembly of track segment elements with 24 degrees of freedom. The vertical vibration matrix equation of the system was established on the basis of the principle of the total potential energy with stationary value in elastic system dynamics and the rule of "set-in-right-position" for formulating system matrixes, and then Wilson-θ numerical integration method was used to solve the problem. The dynamic responses of the system were calculated when the train runs at the speed of 200 km/h. And the effects of vertical stiffness of rail fastener and block pad on vertical vibration responses of the system were investigated.

其原理是：将高速列车的动车和拖车模拟为具有二系悬挂的多刚体系统；将弹性支承块式无碴轨道模拟为具有24个自由度的轨段单元的集合；基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的"对号入座"法则，建立此系统竖向振动矩阵方程，并采用Wilson-θ数值积分法求解，计算速度为200 km/h时此系统竖向动力响应，研究轨道刚度对此系统竖向振动响应的影响规律。

The lower permeability rocks-micrite and muddy siltstone which modeled the "crust" of overpressure system have been broken by overpressure fluid, while the sandstone modeled the "uncompacted belt" of overpressure system have been not broken.

在实验过程中，模拟超压系统&壳&的低渗透岩石—泥晶灰岩发生了破裂，而模拟超压系统&欠压实带&的高渗透砂岩却未发生破裂。

A simulation's complexity has to be within the ballpark of the complexity of the modeled; otherwise the model can't keep up with the zig and zags of the thing modeled.

模拟的复杂程度必须在它所模拟的东西的复杂性的活动领域之中，否则，模型就跟不上它所模拟的东西的曲折路线。

A simulation's complexity has to be within the ballpark of the complexity of the modeled; otherwise the model can't keep up with the zig and zags of the thing modeled.

也就是说，对于一个模拟来说，它的复杂程度，必须停留在被它所模拟的那个东西所具有的复杂性的活动领域之中。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。