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When these parameters surpass a certain value, the system cannot appear the limitcycle. Through the various parameters\' changing, it demonstrates the forming process of the dissipative structure. Thus it show the dissipative structure\'s characteristic of the trophodynamics predation model and point out the ecological significance of the various parameters in the model.On the fourth chapter, the spruce aphides and its predator model is a predator model.

第四章，以两个捕食者作用于同一食饵的竞争关系模型为例，应用微分方程定性理论，对捕食模型中存在极限环的情况进行了讨论，用MATLAB在相平面上模拟出系统的极限环，此时该体系状态的发展呈现周期振荡趋势，从而揭示出营养动力学为基础的捕食模型耗散结构特征。

It is shown that the model can well simulates the daily runoff process in Hanzhong area and the model efficiency is similar to those of the lumped VIC and Xinanjiang Hydrological Model.Moreover,the proposed model considers the spatial variability of precipitation and underly...

结果表明，该模型能较好模拟汉中流域的日径流过程，其模拟精度与集总式VIC模型和集总式三水源新安江模型基本相当，但它充分考虑了研究流域内降水输入和下垫面条件的空间差异性，能够提供网格降水分布及流域内产汇流的分布状况，能进一步同中尺度MM5气象模式耦合，延长洪水预报的预见期。

Lastly, in accordance with the actual situations of the prototype structure of mosque pagoda, based on the similar relation of model experiments, a model structure of mosque pagoda with a similar coefficient of 1/10 is designed and fabricated. Earthquake simulating shaking table tests are performed on the model structure of pagoda in the cases the AB type passive control system with SMA dampers is erected or unerected. The leading earthquake responses like the relative drift at the top of the main tower and the small tower, interstory drift ratio, acceleration, and cracking process of the pagodas body etc. are studied. The operational behaviors involving the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity is tested for passive control system with SMA dampers under the earthquake excitation, and the corresponding control mechanism and regularity is also analyzed. Furthermore, the performance changes and protection effectiveness is comprehensively evaluated while the model structure of pagoda is seismically protected or not.

最后，根据光塔原型结构的实际情况，以模型试验的相似关系为基础，设计并制作了一个相似系数S，为1/10的光塔模型结构，并先后进行了未安装和安装A、B型SMA阻尼器被动控制系统光塔模型结构的地震模拟振动台试验，研究了模型结构在3种不同工况下，主塔顶部和小塔顶部的相对位移、层间位移角和加速度以及塔体开裂等光塔结构的主要地震反应，测试了SMA阻尼器被动控制系统在地震激励下的变形能力和消能能力等工作性能，分析了相应的控制机理和控制规律，并从总体上评价了光塔模型结构抗震保护前后的性能变化和保护效果。

On the base of probabilistic and statistics results of joints and cracks, the Author modifies Block Theory. The sliding probability of Key Block is I A RSTR A CT F2 ? 5.It is put up forward that GM(l,1) Model to predict Amount of rainfall, and Markov Chain to modifY GM( 1,1 )predicting result, and then a theoretical predicting Model of amount of rainfall is firstly built. This model is applied in a situ example. It is proved that the model is very useful to predict amount of rainfall ,when ordinal array of Amount of rainfall changes in unexact index rule.

首次将节理裂隙视为有限长，借助有关岩体节理裂隙概率统计研究成果，对块体理论进行修正，确定了关键块体变为滑动块体概率计算公式为 5、本文提出采用GM（1，1）模型预测降雨量，而采用Markov链进行修正的方法，首次用该方法建立了大气降雨量预测的理论模型，并结合实例进行具体应用，解决了当降雨量的时间序列呈不严格的指数规律变化时，大气降雨量的预测问题。

EABR artefacts were smaller in alternating stimulus polarity model than in single stimulus polarity model, in perpendicular angle axis than in unperpendicular angle between stimulating electrodes and recording electrodes, and in contralateral recording model than in same lateral recording model.

交替极性刺激较单一极性刺激的EABR伪迹小，记录电极与刺激电极排列轴向垂直时EABR伪迹最小，对侧记录较同侧记录的EABR伪迹小。

The CVD is an important index to indicate tree diameterdifferentiating.On basis of dynamic change and tendency of CVDamong trees in stand,three models of square CVD are proposed.i.e.,basic model,stand factor model,and thinning effects model.All threemodels are of mechanism,asymptotic characteristic,and invariance forprojection length.Futhermore,there are compatiability and extremevalues in thinning effects model for thinned and unthinned stands.

直径变动系数是描述林木直径分化的重要指标，根据林木直径变动系数的动态变化和趋势，本文提出了直径变动系数平方动态变化的三个模型：基本模型，与林分因子相关的模型，考虑间伐效应的模型，上述三个模型均具有一定的机理性、渐近性和步长不变性，特别是考虑间伐效应的模型为间伐林分和未间伐林分的相容性模型，它还具有相容性和极值性。

The results showed that Linear model and Quadratic model were much more simulated the observed data of Aspergillus versicolor at 4 ℃ and 10℃, in addition, the latter was verified to be better than the formal. At 20℃, 28℃ and 30℃, the effects of simulation by classical Gompertz model and Logistic model had gained better results.

结果表明杂色曲霉在4℃、10℃温度条件下，用Linear模型和Quadratic模型拟合效果较好，且后者优于前者；在20℃、28℃和30℃条件下，用经典Gompertz模型和Logistic模型拟合效果较好。

For a reference GFR core design, the criticality and burnup characteristics for the single assembly model and full core model were calculated through the coupling of MCNP and ORIGEN, and the differences in the calculation precision and calculation time were compared between the fine structure model and homogenized assembly model, respectively.

本工作以一气冷快堆的设计方案为研究对象，针对单组件模型和全堆芯模型，采用MCNP耦合ORIGEN的方法，计算了有关临界、燃耗过程的几个重要物理特性，比较了采用精细化结构和组件均匀化方法在计算精度、计算时间等的差别，说明了采用组件均匀化方法进行气冷快堆全堆燃耗计算的必要性和可行性。

For a reference GFR core design,the criticality and burnup characteristics for the single assembly model and full core model were calculated through the coupling of MCNP and ORIGEN,and the differences in the calculation precision and calculation time were compared between the fine structure model and homogenized assembly model,respective...

本工作以一气冷快堆的设计方案为研究对象，针对单组件模型和全堆芯模型，采用MCNP耦合ORIGEN的方法，计算了有关临界、燃耗过程的几个重要物理特性，比较了采用精细化结构和组件均匀化方法在计算精度、计算时间等的差别，说明了采用组件均匀化方法进行气冷快堆全堆燃耗计算的必要性和可行性。

The combined discrete-continuum model overcomes the lack and annihilates the error in continuum methods. In addition, the computation of the short-range solute-solvent interaction also causes errors. Therefore a high-level quantum calculation is necessary.IV(4) This model can also provide insight into many fundamental details where cluster model and continuum model fail to provide unique pictures.

4，离散一连续组合模型的价值还在于其把溶剂效应分解为短程作用和长程作用，对于一些分子簇模型以及传统连续介质模型不能解释的现象给出更清晰的图像。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。