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The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

Secondly, the paper is expanded from follow three aspects: the virtual design, the virtual process and the product data managementduring the developing the torque converter. Applying the key technique of concurrent engineering---design for function, design for assemblyand design for manufactureof the method of design for "X", the virtual design of the torque converter is accomplished in CATIA V5. Then the model constitution and the simulation of virtual process of the torque converter is done in CATIA V5, including the model constitution and the simulation of 5-aixe NC virtual process of the vane, the model constitution（material:PVC） of the idler pulley rapid prototypingand the virtual assembly and the motion simulation of the torque converter, etc. 3-D data exchange between various CAD systems is realized by using STEP standard. The lever of classing the character model of the torque converter is given. And the access authorization is set up and given to manage the partners' reading/writing the product data.

应用并行工程的关键技术之一——面向产品全生命周期的设计DFX中面向功能的设计DFF、面向装配的设计DFA和面向制造的设计DFM的方法，在CATIA V5中完成液力变矩器虚拟设计；在CATIA V5中对液力变矩器进行虚拟加工建模和仿真，包括液力变矩器导轮叶片五轴数控加工刀轨建模与仿真、导轮快速成型RP建模、液力变矩器虚拟装配和运动仿真等；采用STEP标准实现多CAD系统之间三维数据交换，提出液力变矩器特征模型的分级标准并对三维模型数据进行分级管理，制定相应的权限等级以规范合作厂家的产品数据管理层次。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Experiment Validation of Hydrodynamics Model of Drum Level The experiment rig was designed, and the experiment equipment was also set up. The experiment results show: As the validation of sloshing period under different levels, maximum error between the results of the experiment and the model is within±10%. As the experiment validation of model under in-and-output flux, changing trends of results of the model and the experiment are consistent, though there is some error in sloshing amplitude, the numeric error is within±20%.

2汽包水位水动力学模型的实验验证设计了实验台架，并建立了实验装置，实验结果表明：就不同水位情况下晃荡周期的验证而言，实验结果与模型计算结果之间的数值误差在±10%以内；就有进出口流量的情况下模型的实验验证而言，模型仿真结果的变化趋势与实验结果基本上是一致的，尽管晃荡幅度和相位上还是存在一定的误差，但其数值误差在±20%以内。

From this point of view,it ispointed out that there are two kinds of commonalities among diverse prob-lems,one is the relative commonality and the other is the homogenous co-mmonality,and it is advanced that the approach to effectively make useof the relative commonality is to divide models suitably and to set up theorganic relation between models convenient to their composite conection oncondition that models are shared,and the approach to effectively make useof the homogenous commonality is from the view point of different problemsneeding their special models for solving,to convert their special modelrepresentation to comparatively general model depth representation on theprinciple of independence and share of commonality.The articles in thepast has made deep and complete research on model management in aspectssuch as model division and compositive conection,and a number of theoriesand methods are provided,but none of them is in relation to model depthrepresentation.

从这一角度出发，作者指出，在多样性问题中存在两种共性，一种是问题相关共性，另一种是问题同构共性，并提出有效利用问题相关共性的方法是在实现模型共享的前提下对模型进行合理划分和建立便于模型复合联接的各模型之间的有机联系，而有效利用问题同构共性的方法则是从不同问题求解本质上需要的专用模型出发，根据独立与共享原理，将这些专用模型表示转化成较为通用的模型深层表示，以往的文献在模型划分、复合联接等诸方面对模型管理进行了较为深入全面的研究，并从这一角度提出了许多模型表示的理论和方法，但对模型深层表示方面尚没有涉足。

In the field, the popular methods include: using Kalman filter or Particle filter to estimate motion, estimate the optical flow, utilizing the active contour model, the active shape model and the deformable template to tracking the objects, and using the Geodesic active contour model or Geodesic active region model which based the partial difference equation method and level set frame.

在该领域常用的方法有利用Kalman滤波及粒子滤波进行运动预测，通过计算光流评价目标运动，利用活动轮廓模型，活动形状模型，可变形模板等主动形状模型方法以及测地线活动轮廓模型，测地线活动区域模型等基于偏微分方程的方法来跟踪目标运动。

Firstly, the meaning of dynamic analysis on the steam turbine-generator set foundation is pointed out. Review and comment on the present research on dynamic analysis of domestic and international steam turbine-generator sets are presented Then a dynamic calculating model of the framed foundation of the steam turbine-generator set is set up based on finite element theory. Then dynamic analysis methods are put forward based on dynamics theory. The dynamic design of the foundation of the specific 12,000KW steam turbine-generator set is carried out.

论文首先指出汽轮发电机组基础动力分析的意义，并对国内外汽轮发电机组基础动力分析的研究现状进行了回顾及评述；其后，利用有限元原理建立了汽轮发电机组框架式基础的动力计算模型，根据动力学理论对该模型提出了自由振动分析和动力响应分析的方法，针对某工程12000KW汽轮发电机组的动力基础进行了动力设计。

Based on them, this paper proposes evaluation indexof fund performance from the aspect of finance, investor and interiormanagement. Considering the limitation of data envelopment analysis approach usedto evaluate fund performance, such as conventional DEA models can not considerinputs and outputs of evaluation units simultaneously, and an input-oriented DEAmodel and output-oriented DEA model often produce different evaluation results,this paper proposes a general form of DEA model which is input- andoutput-oriented by using multi-objective optimization and fuzzy set theory. Sincethe general form of DEA model can be transformed into a conventional input oroutput oriented DEA model by using special membership functions, it can beseemed as a nature extense of conventional DEA models, and a conventionalmodel can be regarded as a special case of DEA mdoel with general form.

针对现有基金绩效评价方法中较具优越性的数据包络分析方法的不足，如传统DEA模型不能同时综合考虑评价单元的输入和输出，以及分别采用面向输入和面向输出DEA模型评价基金绩效时，常常出现不一致的评价结果等，本文以多目标优化与模糊集合理论为工具，提出了一种能够同时面向输入和输出的DEA一般形式模型，并通过选择一些特殊的模糊集合隶属函数，使得这种DEA一般形式模型成为传统DEA模型的自然推广，而传统DEA模型是该模型的特殊形式。

Firstly, took the data of body model and garment model, and then finished the match with the curvature feature of triangular mesh by making mapping between body model and garment model, this process was a rigid transformation. In fact, it comprised the rotation matrix and translation vector. Finally, under the VC6.0, set up the platform of 3D clothing fitting by the super 3D building of OpenGL.

首先提取Poser 6.0中的三维人体模型和服装模型数据；然后通过三维网格模型的曲率特征在人体模型与服装模型之间建立映射关系来完成匹配，这个过程是一种刚体变换即获取旋转矩阵和平移矢量两部分；最后在VC++6.0的开发环境下，利用OpenGL强大的三维建模功能实现了三维试衣平台的搭建。

In order to establish the complete dynamic simulation model for the heat recovery steam generator and develop an advanced drum level controller, the methods of probability and time series were used to analyze the field data on drum level sloshing noise. The mean value of the drum level was removed and the field data was de-trended to get the true sloshing noise. Meantime, the AR model was set up for the drum level sloshing noise, and simulation results show that the model realizes matching simulation of the drum level noise signals in the power spectrum. The model can also match the drum level noise successfully in the time domain.

为建立完整的余热锅炉系统动态仿真模型，并基于此模型开发先进水位控制器，采用概率统计和时间序列分析的方法，对现场采集的汽包水位晃荡噪声信号进行了分析，去除汽包水位均值和趋势以获得真实的汽包水位晃荡噪声，建立了相应的汽包水位晃荡噪声仿真AR模型；模型的仿真结果表明：AR模型从功率谱上对信号数据进行了匹配模拟，且使用该模型作为噪声模块在时域上对汽包水位晃荡噪声信号进行了成功匹配。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失