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MMTIE refers to the combination of internal structure and external atmosphere. On MMTIE,domestic and foreign expents have made a lot of research and established many models,such as technology梔riving model,market -pulling model technology driving and market pulling multiple梐ffecting model, technological norm -track model, N桼 model,demand model of main part of innovation,and so on.

对于企业技术创新动力机制，中外学者进行了许多探讨，并形成了一些理论模式，如技术推进模式、市场拉引模式、技术推一市场拉综合作用模式、N—R关系模式，技术规范—技术轨道模式、创新主体需求模式等。

The traditional DEA model can not beused to deal with such stagewise operation problems. In order to avoid the limitation of the traditional DEA model, a multi-stage DEA model was set up based onthe idea of the DEA model with uncontrollable factor. Simultaneously, considering the shortage of the single DEA model, the multi-stage DEA model was extended to be the multi-objective one.

工程项目某一分期实施阶段的无效率可能导致整体计划的无效，为了克服传统DEA模型评价这类阶段性问题的局限，及时发现并调整工程项目的无效阶段，借鉴具有不可控要素DEA模型的思想建立了多阶段DEA模型，同时考虑到单目标DEA模型的不足，进一步将多阶段DEA模型扩展为多目标模型。

Four thin-layer drying models were investigated for the description of FIR-assisted freeze-drying characteristics. The models were exponential model, Page model, diffusion model, and approximation of the diffusion model. Tests were conducted using a three-level, three-factor (drying temperature, distance between sample and FIR heater, and sample thickness) design, and quadratic polynomial analyses were performed to relate the drying parameters of thin-layer drying model. The performance of these thin-layer drying models was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of correlation (R2), the sum of squares, and the RMSE amongst four models. Drying parameter K of the Page model gave the best results in describing freeze-drying with FIR of Tylose and sweet potato.

运用四种薄层乾燥模型（指数、Page、渗透模型及近似渗透模型）研究远红外线冷冻乾燥之乾燥特性，实验采用三阶层、三因子（远红外线加热器设定温度、远红外线加热器至样品表面之距离及样品之厚度）的实验设计，对於薄层乾燥模型的乾燥参数以二次多项式函数表示之，乾燥参数之二次多项式函数的最适性判断主要是藉由决定系数、模式缺乏适合性及均方根误差等值的比较而加以评估，以Tylose及甘薯样品而言，其中四种薄层乾燥模型的乾燥参数以Page模型之K值的结果为最佳。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的&瓶子模型&，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了&缝洞单元&的概念，并制定了&缝洞单元&纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对&缝洞单元&进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Based on cognitive theory,this paper propounds a practical method of student modeling,which is to combine an information model and a learning model to achieve student modeling,and the learning model is depicted by a cognitive model,a covering model and a test model.

论文从认知理论出发，提出了一种实用的学生建模方法，即以信息模型和学习模型的组合形式进行学生建模，并采用认知模型、覆盖模型和测试模型对学习模型进行描述。

At last, the research test the logistic regression model with sample dada. The results are as the following:(1)Based on the time series dada, the financial early-warning model contains more crucial information reflecting the dada characters, so it can avoid the obvious logic problem in the other analysis such as single section dada and multi-section dada analysis. The test result indicate that the new model have a more accuracy than others.(2) the research adopt the global principal component analysis to settle the problem of multiple collinearity, so the model would be more normative and precise.(3)the early-warning model uses the backward method to regress, so it gets a terser model of only five variables, but it still has a precise forecasting ability.

通过本文研究说明：（1）建立以时序数据为基础的财务危机预警模型，提高了样本中重要财务趋势特征的信息含量，从而克服了国内外单截面及多重截面分析中普遍存在的明显逻辑问题，检验结果表明，利用时序数据建立的logistic财务危机判别模型较截面数据基础模型的判别准确率要高；（2）采用全局主成份分析方法解决了模型中因子间的多重共线性问题，这一处理使logistic回归方法应用的规范度和严谨度得到明显改善；（3）我们采用向后逐步回归的办法进行回归，使模型大大得到了简化，其中只包含五个自变量，但是它的整体预测准确性却仍然比较高，使模型更具有实用性。

Compared with 2D GIS space data model, the 3D model can be divided to four types that are tessellating model, vector model, hybrid model and analytical model.

与二维GIS空间数据模型类比，三维模型又可划分成基于镶嵌的数据模型、基于矢量的数据模型、混合型数据模型和分析型数据模型四种类型。

Compared with 2D GIS space data model, the 3D model can be divided to four types that are tessellating model, vector model, hybrid model and analytical model.

空间数据模型是描述GIS空间数据组织和进行空间数据库设计的理论基础。

Establish the SPETCG lumped parameter model including PFN model, electrical exploding model, plasma generator ablation-controlled arc discharge model, IB lumped parameter model and IB inverse analysis model, which provides theory tools for SPETCG experimental analysis and parameters design.

建立了包括脉冲功率源模型、电爆炸模型、等离子体发生器消融控制电弧放电模型、内弹道零维模型、内弹道反算模型在内的完整的SPETCG零维模型，为SPETCG的实验分析与参数设计提供了理论工具。

According to the geological property of the research area, we apply sequence indicator simulation method if the reservoir type is discrete variable. Sequence Gauss simulation method is used if the type of reservoir property is continuous variable. Structural model (single well model, fault model and bedding model) and property model are built. The 3D distributions of reservoir parameters are established based on structural model. Three advantage oil distribution of the oil field are pointed out through overlap of the reservoir parameters distributions.

根据研究区的地质特征，建模过程中的储层类型属于离散变量，选用序贯指示模拟方法；储层参数属于连续变量，则选用序贯高斯模拟方法，对储层分别实现构造建模(单井模型、断层模型和层面模型)和属性建模，在构造模型的基础上建立储层参数的三维分布，通过储层参数的分布的叠合研究，在该油田指明了三个有利油气分布区块

Vishnu entered a dark fourth dimensional dream that did not support his field or continued life.

毗瑟挐进入了一个第四密度的黑暗梦想，那里并不支持他的能量场或继续生命。

Leaders and decision-making persons use it to collect the data, including the information of unit work, handing in fee, oweing fee, prepaying fee,changing and afterpaying and account transfering of joining-insurance employee, and account paying of all kinds of insurances from hospitalization insurance institutions.The collected data is picked up, organized, switched and showed to user.

该子系统主要面向各级领导、决策分析人员；从各个医疗保险经办机构和定点医疗机构采集数据，包括在各个医疗保险经办机构处理的单位办公信息，单位缴费、欠费、预缴费信息，参保职工变更信息，参保职工增减变动信息，参保职工补缴信息，参保职工帐户划拨信息：包括各定点医疗机构处理的各险种帐户支出信息，各险种的统筹金支付信息等；将采集的数据提取，组织和转换，然后展示给用户。