查询词典 mixed differential parameter

In chapter 5,a knowledge-based correction term for the objective function of parameter estimation is proposed.The relationship between the function extreme points of state estimatin and parameter estimation is deduced.A strategy of projecting the parameter objective function from the augmented solution space to the parameter space is proposed and proved.

第五章分析了电力系统状态估计和参数估计的理论依据并指出传统解法的不足，提出基于经验知识的参数估计目标函数修正项，推导了状态估计和参数估计目标函数极值点的关系，由此提出并证明了新的基于垂直投影的估计策略。

The thesis can be divided into five parts as follows: First, the structural characteristics of finned-pipe evaporator are analyzed. After selecting suitable microelement controller, the heat-transfer and mass-transfer processes are analyzed for every microelement under the conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness. Based on previous equations, some parameters of frostiness are confirmed and the frost-growing model is set up under frost condition. Some hypotheses are postulated and with the help of the equation of mass-conservation, energy-conservation and momentum-conservation, the evaporation model which fits in the dynamic simulation is built, which set a solid foundation for system simulation. Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. Third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet-parameter on evaporator. Fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio-parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping.

本文的主要内容如下：1对翅片管蒸发器结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元控制体，就干、湿和霜工况下对每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，基于经验关系式确定霜的有关参数，对于霜工况下的霜生长建立模型，经适当假设，运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒方程建立适合动态仿真的蒸发器数学模型，为系统仿真奠定基础； 2对蒸发在大扰动下的开、停机过程，运用动态集中参数模型进行分析和计算，为更好地描述制冷系统运行的全过程奠定基础，同时也为制冷系统实现自动控制提供一定的理论基础； 3对蒸发器正常运行过程，运用动态分布参数和参数间定量耦合的观点来分析和计算，为更好地了解稳态工况下各点参数的变化情况及各入口参数对蒸发器动态特性的影响即蒸发器性能对各参数变化的敏感性； 4编写翅片管蒸发器动态特性仿真计算程序，可以计算不同边界条件和初始条件下的制冷剂热力参数、空气温湿度和霜厚度分布场，实现对翅片管蒸发器在干、湿和霜工况下的动态仿真。

The nonlinearity and discrete gradient inherited in CAViaR model is a conundrum for parameter estimation. We take the asymmetric Laplace distribution with scale parameter as the error process; indicate the variance has a minimum positive value when the scale parameter is a constant, conflicting with the distribution of real financial data. Further we estimate the parameters of indirect TARCH-CAViaR model base on Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The optimal scale parameter can also be obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo method.

CAViaR一般模型中递归分位回归方程的非线性和非连续可微性是参数估计的一个难题，基于含有尺度参数的不对称拉普拉斯分布作为误差过程，指出将尺度参数固定为常数会导致不对称拉普拉斯分布随机变量的方差存在最小正值的限制，与实际金融数据分布不符；进而提出采用贝叶斯分析和马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟方法，估计间接TARCH-CAViaR模型的参数，并可获得尺度参数的合理估计。

The thesis analyzes the methods for parameter estimation of distributed sources in detail, and low complexity estimators, comes up with RELAX in parameter estimation and robust method of high resolution parameter estimators for distributed sources, and gives theory analysis and simulation results. The main work is:1 This text gives a study of the signal models of two kinds of distributed sources: coherent distributed sources and incoherent distributed sources, analyzes eigenvalue distribution of correlation matrix.2 Systematically introduced parameter estimation of distributed sources on the base of models, including the maximum likelihood estimate, least squares estimator, DSPE, DISPARE, etc.

论文详细分析了已有分布式目标参数估计方法及低复杂度的参数估计方法，提出了分布式目标参数估计的RELAX算法和具有稳健性的分布式目标高分辨估计方法，并给出了相应的理论分析和仿真实验结果。

Experimental results show that the performance of local parameter estimation is superior to that of global parameter estimation when there are no attacks, and the performance of local parameter estimation is worse than that of global parameter estimation when there are attacks.

通过实验得到以下结论：在无攻击条件下，局部参数估计的性能优于整体参数估计的性能；在有攻击条件下，整体估计的性能要好于局部参数估计的性能；压缩攻击会导致水印误检概率的增加，不同的攻击对模型造成的影响不同。

Some conclusions are obtained:(1) The interval data concept can rationally settle the apart component's dependence problem of monitoring data;(2) The survey point's displacement which is the material parameter's increasing function or deducing function can be used to back-analyse the material parameter's up and down limit; and (3) Both the interval parameter perturbation back analysis method and the interval parameter monotony back analysis method can obtain satisfactory interval parameters.

通过分析得出结论：(1)可利用区间数概念合理解决监测资料中分离分量相关性的问题；(2)可利用工程结构中位移为待反分析材料参数的增函数或减函数的测点位移的上、下限，来反演得到不确定性材料参数的上、下限；(3)工程算例分析表明，区间参数摄动优化反分析法和区间参数单调性优化反分析法都能得到令人满意的参数区间。

And the further relation of these parameters is obtained by the transient response. Results show that the parameters of the PID control method for the system satisfy the following rules: the proportional parameter is larger than the derivative parameter, and the derivative parameter is larger than the integral parameter.

结果表明：为了满足数字电子气动式座舱压力变化速率和稳定性的要求，PID参数需满足一定的关系：在一定范围内，控制器的比例参数应大于微分参数，而微分参数应大于积分参数。

A method for protecting channel error code resistance ability of low speed vocoder includes applying improved Chinese plain code and BCH code to separately protect voice parameter in voiceless and voiced sound frames at coding end, using BCH code to recover relevant parameters of voiceless sound frame and using maximum post verification probability rule to recover parameter of voiceless sound accurately for voiced sound frame then using line spectrum to parameter anti-error code algorithm to recover line spectrum to parameter at decoding end.

该方法在编码端改变2.4kb/s SELP编码后清音帧清浊音参数的发送模式；采用BCH码和改进的(7，4)汉明码分别保护清音和浊音帧中的语音参数；在解码端，根据信源信道的联合特性采用分支判决确定清浊音；对于清音帧采用相应BCH码恢复出对应参数，对于浊音帧采用基于长时统计特性的最大后验概率准则恢复清浊音参数，并解码出线谱对参数第一级并对残留误码的线谱对参数采用线谱对参数抗误码算法恢复。

Experiments show that C-B spline curve, uniform B-spline with shape parameter, hyperbolic polynomial uniform B-spline with shape parameter and trigonometric polynomial uniform B-spline with shape parameter can be used to produce some frequently used free form curves in the industrial field when the shape parameter is assigned with some specific values.

通过调整形状参数来修改曲线形状是计算机辅助几何设计中一个非常活跃的研究课题，研究形状参数的变化对样条曲线形状的影响，对于增加曲线造型的灵活性是非常必要的。

Experiments show that C-B spline curve, uniform B-spline with shape parameter, hyperbolic polynomial uniform B-spline with shape parameter and trigonometric polynomial uniform B-spline with shape parameter can be used to produce some frequently used free form curves in the industrial field when the shape parameter is assigned with some specific values. This process is simpler than producing these free form curves by using controlling vertex.

实验证明，C-B样条曲线、带形状参数的均匀B样条曲线、带形状参数双曲多项式的均匀B样条曲线、带形状参数三角多项式的均匀B样条曲线都可利用形状参数的特定取值表示一些工业领域常用的自由曲线，这比起用控制顶点表示同样的自由曲线更为简单。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48