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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in goldfish were examined using mitochondrial D-Loop partial sequences at eight representative varieties of goldfishes and wild crucian carp. The eight representative varieties were Red Common Goldfish, Red Fantail, White Oranda with Red Carp, White Pearlscale, Red Tigerhead, Black Moor, Red Moor with Butterfly Tail and Red Bubble-eye with Dorsal Fin. 699 base-pair nucleotide sequences of Mitochondrial D-Loop were examined and analyzed for genetic polymorphism, Sequences data showed that all 129 sequences were grouped into 17 haplotypes. Nine representative varieties shared same haplotype. Five representative varieties of goldfishes had haplotypes respectively.

采用PCR技术扩增了红草金鱼，红文鱼，红顶白高头，白珍珠，红狮头，红龙睛蝶尾，墨龙睛，红水泡八个品种金鱼和野生鲫线粒体DNA的D-Loop区部分序列，PCR产物经纯化、测序、同源序列比对后获得长度为699bp的核苷酸序列，在129个样本中共检测到了17个单倍型，9个品种共享1种单倍型，5个品种的金鱼(BM， MB， WR， RF， RC)检测到各自独有的单倍型。

In the present paper, we determined the mitochondrial DNA sequence 539bp of the high variable I D-loop regions(mtDNA HVS-I) for 243 domestic fowls 19 were Wugu (or black-bone chicken and 8 non-wugu breeds/races and 38 red jungle fowls (Gallus. Gallus. spadiceus and Gallus. Gallus. jabouillei). We also sequenced 289bp mitochondrial DNA of Cyt-b for 5 red jungle fowls; D-loop region (mtDNA HVS-I)for 19 individuals Guinea fowl and 18 individuals mule chickens (Guinea fowl $ x Wugu chickens^ ) respectively; mtDNA HVS- II of D-loop region for 34 individuals of domestic fowls and red jungle fowls in 690bp and the MC1R code gene in 945 bp.

本文共测定了19个乌骨鸡品种及8个非乌骨鸡品种的243个家鸡和38个原鸡个体(属于Gallus.gallus.spadiceus和Gallus.gallus.jabouillee亚种)的线粒体D-环高变区(mtDNA HVS-Ⅰ)539bp的部分序列，另外还测定了5个红原鸡个体线粒体细胞色素b的289 bp序列、19个珍珠鸡个体、18个骡鸡个体的线粒体D环高变区序列、30个家鸡个体线粒体D环非高变区的690bp序列以及34个家鸡及原鸡个体的MC1R基因编码区的945bp。

The following five reviews published in this volume summarize recent discoveries in this area: DNA Replication and Transcription in Mammalian Mitochondria, Mitochondrial-Nuclear Communications, Translocation of Proteins into Mitochondria, The Machines that Divide and Fuse Mitochondria, and Why Do We Still Have a Maternally Inherited Mitochondrial DNA?

这一卷发表的以下五篇综述总结了这个领域的最新发现：哺乳动物线粒体中的DNA复制和转录，线粒体-细胞核通信，蛋白质到线粒体的迁移，分离和融合线粒体的机制及为什么我们仍然有一个母系遗传的线粒体DNA？

The Chinese Muntjac's mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16354 base pairs which encode genes for 13 proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs, is similar to those mammals in both order and orientation.The sequence of rRNA gene ,some of the protein-coding regions and tRNAs are highly homologous in mammals. Differences existing in the length and sequence of the D-loop regions account for the variations in mammals mitochondrial genomes.

与其他哺乳动物线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究发现：全长为16 354bp的小麂线粒体基因组同样编码13种蛋白质、2种rRNA和22种tRNA，除了用于调控线粒体DNA复制和转录的D-Loop区以外，小麂线粒体基因组各基因长度、位置与其他哺乳动物相似，其编码蛋白质区域和rRNA基因与其他哺乳动物具有很高的同源性。

Objective: To determine the mitochondrial DNA contents in the peripheral blood cells of patients with mitochondrial myopathy/encephalomyopathy.

目的：了解线粒体肌病/脑肌病患者外周血细胞线粒体DNA的拷贝数量有无异常。

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the mitochondrial DNA contents in the peripheral blood cells of patients with mitochondrial myopathy/encephalomyopathy.

摘 要 目的：了解线粒体肌病/脑肌病患者外周血细胞线粒体DNA的拷贝数量有无异常。

Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function.

线粒体DNA含有37个基因，所有这一切都是必不可少的正常线粒体功能。

Mitochondrial DNA extraction, long-PCR amplification and primer-walking sequencing methods were carried out for determining the complete mt DNA sequence of Scolopendra multilan.(1) The complete mitochondrial genome of Scolopendra multilan is 13,734 bp in size.

采用长片断扩增和PCR引物步移测序等方法，补齐少棘蜈蚣线粒体基因组全序列，主要结果如下：（1）序列全长为13，734 bp，其基因组成和顺序、基因的方向即编码链的选择、碱基G的低含量和对碱基A偏好以及GC和AT偏斜与已知的多足动物线粒体基因组相同。

Both mitochondrial Ca2+ channels are unaffected by blockers of other possibly Ca2+-conducting mitochondrial pores but were activated by spermine (1 mmol/L).

其他可能参与Ca2+转运的线粒体孔阻断剂对这2种钙通道没有作用，精胺(1 mmol/L)则可以激活二者。

In particular, the Uniersity of Granada's goal was to analyse the mitochondrial function in mice and check their mitochondrial capacity to produce ATP adenosine triphosphate a molecule whose mission is to store the energy eery cell needs to carry out its functions.

特别是，格拉纳达大学研究目标为：对小鼠线粒体功能进行分析并验证线粒体产生ATP三磷酸腺苷（细胞利用ATP储存能量用于发挥细胞功能）的能力。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。