查询词典 mitochondria

The thylakoid of chloroplast was lost, the chloroplast was shrinked and composed into several discontinuous parts, which suggest that the function of chloroplast was destroyed;(2) the cell wall was thickened clearly, plasmolysis was found in most of Platymanas subcordiformis cells;(3) the number of mitochondria increased, some cristae of mitochondria were dissolved;(4) the number of vacuolar increased and the size of vacuolar was not uniform, the shape was deformed;(5) the nucleus was deformed and part of the nucleus membrane was dissolved;(6) Golgi dicytosomes accompanied with a loose arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the dictyosome cisternae are not especially swollen.

叶绿体内的类囊体缺失，叶绿体皱缩，叶绿体被分离成几个不连续的部分，说明叶绿体功能被破坏；(2)细胞壁明显增厚，细胞壁与细胞膜存在质壁分离现象；(3)线粒体数目增多，部分内嵴遭破坏；(4)液泡数目增多，大小不等，形状不规则；(5)细胞核变形，核膜部分解体；(6)UV-B处理的高尔基体有一个排列松弛的潴泡，潴泡的外围顶端并没有特别膨大。

Poptosis-inducing factor is a mitochondrion-localized flavoprotein with NADH oxidoreductase activity, which is encoded by the nuclear gene. Following induction of apoptosis, AIF is released from mitochondria and translocated to cytosol, and then to the nucleus. The mechanism of AIF translocation from mitochondria to nucleus is still unclear. It has been suggested that translocation is due to the presence of nuclear localization signal.

bstract： AIF(apoptosis-inducing factor)为位在粒线体内膜膜上之蛋白质，在正常细胞中，能够藉由维持电子传递链复合体I的稳定性，进而影响细胞能量的产生及自由基的清除，并且也会维持粒线体的构造；反之，当细胞遭受到不当刺激时，粒线体膜通透性改变，使得原本存在於粒腺体间质中之AIF，被释放出来，进入细胞核内造成DNA片段化，进一步促进细胞凋亡。

In this study,we focus on the interaction between nuclear modifier gene MTO2 and aminoglycosides,and have received the following innovations.1,We here report first that the knockout of MTO2 significantly inhibited mtDNA p_(454)~R mutant's sensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics.Here are the results:(1)In neomycin GYP medium,when mitochondria genes were wild type,whether MTO2 knockout or not,the growth of yeast strains has no significant difference;when mitochondria genes were complete deletion,whether MTO2 knockout or not,the growth of yeast strains also has no significant difference;Interesting,when mtDNA P_(454)~R,wild-type MTO2 strains were hardly survival in neomycin GYP medium,but the growth of MTO2 knockout strains were only partly inhibited,there was a significant difference performance of neomycin sensitivity between them.

具体结果如下：(1)在含有新霉素的葡萄糖培养基上，mtDNA为野生型、MTO2敲除与否，相应的酵母菌株的生长没有显著差异；mtDNA完全缺失、MTO2敲除与否，相应的酵母菌株的生长也没有显著差异；然而，当mtDNA存在P_(454)~R突变时，MTO2野生型菌株几乎完全不能生长，而MTO2敲除菌株的生长只受到部分抑制，表现二者对新霉素的敏感性存在显著差异。

Under transmission electron microscope, cellular swelling in brain tissue, nuclear membrane of neuron has incisures, some chromatic agglutination, group A mainly appears endoplasmic reticulum distention and glial cell endocytosis, while group B mainly appears histolysis; cardiac fibrous structure is chaotic, Z line concentrates, mitochondria swelling, nucleus deform; the ecphyma of podocyte becomes thinner and longer like villus, some mix together, plasma membrane infolding of renal cells decreases, mitochondria malformation, cells in lumens.

透射电镜观察显示，试验组动物脑组织细胞肿胀，神经元核膜出现切迹，部分染色质凝集，A组动物出现内质网扩张及胶质细胞吞噬现象，B组动物以组织溶解为主；心肌纤维结构紊乱，Z线聚集，收缩带形成，线粒体肿胀，核变形；肾小球足突细长，绒毛化，并可见足突融合，肾小管上皮细胞质膜内褶减少，线粒体畸形，管腔可见脱落细胞，上述改变均以B组为著。

Results: The main ultrastructural changes after Cd treatment included swelling or vacuolation of mitochondria, increase of myelin figures in GCT cells, and swelling of mitochondria in the endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries. The changes above were most prominent at 7~15d, and swelling of the cytoplasm and slight karyolysis were also found. The morphology of GCT cells didn't recovery to normal yet after 30d.

结果：镉注射后24h，GCT细胞内出现不同程度的线粒体肿胀和空泡化，胞质和线粒体内可见髓样结构，GCT周围毛细血管内皮细胞线粒体肿胀。7~15天后上述改变明显加重，部分GCT细胞见胞质广泛肿胀和轻度核溶解，30天后细胞形态仍未恢复正常。

Results:Six months after the childhood miniature pig transverse fracture of mandibular condyle,MRI medium-sized signal in both two sides in symmetry,no muscle necrosis under light microscope,and decrease of mitochondria,more glycogen granulation,clear myotome were found and no abnormal mitochondria and fatty degeneration under transmission electron microscope were shown.

光镜观察咀嚼肌和翼外肌横截面切片在不同时间均未显示任何破坏现象，透射电镜下髁突横断骨折后6个月组与正常对照组比较无明显变化，只显示线粒体数目减少、糖原颗粒较多、肌节各带清晰，无异常形态线粒体及脂肪变性。

The observation result showed that plasmolysis was appeared, the vacuoles became more and swelling, the pigment bodies swelled up and the structure of thylakoid was damaged, the number of mitochondria and starch granule were increased with the increasing of magnetic intensity. The result showed that two cell energy supply systems in the pigment bodies and mitochondria were affected in different extent by magnetic treatment, so the growth and metabolism of algae were influenced.

研究发现在较高强度磁处理下，出现质壁分离，类囊体结构破坏，液泡和线粒体增加，能量物质积累等现象，影响微藻的正常代谢。

Mol·L~(-1) individually and also with both heavy metals present. Plasmolysis, concentrated cytoplasm, disappear ance of the cristae of mitochondria, ambiguity of framework and destruction of mitochondria envelope were all symptoms of root cells under Cu stress; hollowing cells was also found in Cd treatment, and there existed some different granule in these hollowing cells.

铜使根细胞产生质壁分离、细胞质浓缩、部分细胞空泡化，使线粒体脊突消失、结构模糊、外膜破坏；镉使根细胞空泡化，并在部分空泡化的细胞里产生大小不等的颗粒状物；铜、镉交互污染使根细胞受害程度加深，并兼有两者的受害症状特征：线粒体结构彻底破坏、空泡化细胞里的颗粒物更大电子密度更高、质壁分离现象更普遍、质膜上的颗粒物沉淀更大。

Through the method, complete active pollen tube mitochondria is obtained, and the mitochondria separating and purifying efficiency is improved.

采用本方法获得完整的具有活力的花粉管的线粒体，提高了线粒体分离纯化效率。

Another example of this can be found in complex animals, including humans, whose cells depend upon mitochondria as their energy source; mitochondria are thought to have evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria, related to modern Rickettsia bacteria.

此的另一个例子可以在复杂动物找到，包括人，细胞取决于线粒体作为他们的能源；线粒体被认为从endosymbiotic细菌演变了，与现代立克次休属微生物细菌有关。

Hanna: That's over now, isn't it?

都结束了，对吗

You must be ill. You look so pale.

你一定是病了，你的脸色苍白。