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Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China

山东大学实验畸形学教育部重点实验室、山东大学医学院医学遗传学研究所，山东济南 250012；2。

Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China

山东大学实验畸形学教育部重点实验室，山东大学医学院微生物学教研室，济南 250012

Department of Microbiology, 3The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.

山东大学医学院 1微生物学教研室，3 实验畸形学教育部重点实验室，山东济南 250012；2山东大学第二医院血液-肿瘤科，山东济南 250033

The dissertation is part of the Doctoral Scientific Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China.

本文是国家教育部博士点基金项目"粘性流体在叶片泵内的流动机理研究"的一部分。

Li Yu of director of department of government of information of character of language of vice director of council of job of national language writing, Ministry of Education bright say: I know this word the earliest, begin from abroad network, on the net, often net witenagemot sends a card, are these words known?

国家语言文字工作委员会副主任、教育部语言文字信息治理司司长李宇明说：我最早知道这个字，是从海外网络开始的，在网上，经常有网民会发帖子，这些字熟悉吗？

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

Ministry of Education candidates also issued a "warm three tips": 1, familiar with the "Candidates", with the "ticket" valid identity documents such as early arrival of test, test compliance with the discipline, with no admission of such items as mobile phones. 2, the candidates during the examination period if there is fever, and other physical symptoms pharyngodynia, please take the initiative to report test invigilator or person in charge. 3, attention to food hygiene and rest time and the weather changes, to maintain good physical and mental state, and actively take, the best level of play.

教育部也对考生发出&三条温馨提示&：1、熟悉《考生须知》，带好《准考证》等有效身份证件，提前到达考点，遵守考场纪律，不带手机等物品入场。2、考试期间考生如有发热、咽痛等身体不适症状，请主动报告监考人员或考点负责人。3、注意饮食卫生、作息时间和天气变化，保持良好身心状态，积极应考，发挥最佳水平。

The thesis is a part of the subitem of the project of funds in social scientific research of the humanity of Ministry of Education 'The study of high-tech enterprises performance appraising '.

本论文是教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目的子项&高技术企业绩效评价研究&的部分研究内容。

The thesis is a part of the subitem of the project of funds in social scientific research of the humanity of Ministry of Education 'The study of high-tech enterprise's performance appraising '.

本论文是教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目的子项&高技术企业绩效评价研究&的部分研究内容。

Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education, Universities＇ Confederated Institute of Proteomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

其中Taiwan后没有缀上China而与另一国别Germany并列，其&去中国化&为台湾&正名&的&台独&用意昭然若揭（No.2b、4、5、 7及14与此同类）。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。