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In the high-grade metamorphism and anatexis process, in which sapphirine was formed, the multistage crystallization of minerals resulted in the complexity of the mineral association, such as the differentiation of leuco-and melano-components. Generally, the mafic-rich minerals formed earlier, and the differentiation of magnesio-and iron-components is responsible for the earlier presence of ironrich minerals, i.e., magnesio-rich minerals crystallized later, thus the successive associations of multistage occurred.

在形成假蓝宝石的高级变质-深熔作用过程中，岩石矿物组合的变化主要是多阶段变质造成的，如浅-暗色组分发生了分离，其中含镁铁组分多的矿物较早结晶，而镁铁组分的分离使得相对富Fe的矿物较早结晶，即晚期形成的镁铁质矿物更富Mg组分，并形成递进演化的不同阶段的组合。

Using optical microscope, manual artificial heavy concentrate, electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy, we tested major gold- bearing minerals in Zhaishang deposit. Pyrite and scheelite are the most important gold-bearing minerals. Quartz, limonite, and chalcocite are the secondary gold-bearing minerals. Calcite, siderite, barite and other minerals do not contain any gold.

通过光学显微镜、人工重砂、电子探针、扫描电镜等显微测试手段对寨上矿区主要载金矿物进行分析测试得出：黄铁矿、白钨矿是最主要的载金矿物之一，石英、褐铁矿、辉铜矿是次要的载金矿物，方解石、菱铁矿、重晶石等不含金。

This paper introduces the distribution and its main uses of clay minerals in China,discusses the technological method and processing flow of the comprehensive utilization of associated clay minerals,puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problems existing the development and utilization of clay minerals,prospectively forecasts the development trends of comprehensive utilization of associated clay minerals.

介绍了粘土矿的分布及其主要用途，探讨了粘土矿综合利用的工艺技术方法及流程，针对粘土矿开发利用存在的问题提出了解决对策，前瞻性地预测了伴生粘土矿综合利用的发展趋势。

Mineral deposits; crystal structure; silicate minerals; clay minerals; amphibole minerals; epidote minerals; pyroxene minerals; micaceous minerals

关键词：矿物沉积晶体结构硅酸盐矿物粘土矿物闪石矿物；绿帘石矿物；辉石矿物；云母矿物

A simple estimation method for molar Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation for complex oxysalt minerals is proposed. Complex oxysalt minerals are divided into complex oxysalt minerals with water and complex oxysalt minerals without water. Complex oxysalt minerals without water can be considered as the composite of acidic oxides and alkaline oxides, so their molar Gibbs free energy or molar enthalpy of formation can be calculated by the summation of molar Gibbs free energy or molar enthalpy of formation of the acidic oxides and alkaline oxides which are combined into the complex compounds.

提出了一种复杂含氧盐矿物的摩尔生成Gibbs自由能和摩尔生成焓的简单估算方法，并把复杂含氧盐矿物分为不含水复杂含氧盐矿物和含水复杂含氧盐矿物，不含水复杂含氧盐矿物可以看作是酸性氧化物和碱性氧化物组成的物质，其摩尔生成Gibbs自由能或摩尔生成焓都可以看作是酸性氧化物和碱性氧化物复合成的化合物摩尔生成Gibbs自由能或摩尔生成焓之和。

For a 1116Kg chromitite and a 384Kg mantle peridotite sample, by heavy mineral separation and picking up under a binocular microscope following productions are obtained: the UHP minerals including moissanite and over 1000 diamond grains are discovered firstly from the Kangjinla chromitite orebody Cr-11, which is far more abundant than the Luobusa district; a series of unusual mantle minerals like moissanite and a great deal of diamond grains are discovered firstly from the host rocks of chromitite orebody Cr-11, providing the foundation of discussing the chromitite origin and its relation with the host rocks; besides the UHP minerals like moissanite and diamond, various special mantle minerals are revealed from the chromitite orebody Cr-11 and its host rocks including some native elements, alloys, oxides, sulphides, silicates, carbonates, and tungstates.

2人工重砂发现铬铁矿和地幔橄榄岩中的金刚石等特殊地幔矿物。1116 Kg铬铁矿和384Kg地幔橄榄岩大样经人工重砂分选和双目显微镜下挑选矿物，取得如下成果：首次在康金拉11号铬铁矿体中发现了上千粒金刚石，以及碳硅石等强还原环境的超高压矿物，数量远远超过在罗布莎铬铁矿矿区中发现的金刚石；首次在康金拉11号铬铁矿矿体的近矿围岩中发现了大量金刚石和碳硅石等一批异常地幔矿物，为探讨铬铁矿的成因及与近矿围岩地幔橄榄岩的关系奠定了基础；除挑选出金刚石和碳硅石等超高压矿物，在康金拉11号铬铁矿矿体与围岩地幔橄榄岩中还发现了自然铁球、金属互化物、氧化物、硫化物、硅酸盐等一批异常地幔矿物。

Vanadium mainly exists as independent minerals or in clay minerals in the form of isomorphism, with a small amount absorbed by clay minerals and limonite. Nickel mainly exists as independent minerals. Molybdenum occurs as colloidal sulfides with carbon, sulfur and clay, and forms molybdenite through thermal metamorphism. Uranium is unevenly scattered in collophanite and carbonaceous_argillaceous materials in the form of isomorphism or adsorption. REE mainly occur in collophanite in the form of isomorphism. Copper, lead and zinc chiefly exist in sulfides or sulfo_arsenides and are concentrated in the metallic layer.

钒或以独立矿物存在，或以类质同象赋存在粘土矿物中；镍主要以独立矿物存在；钼主要与碳、硫、粘土一起呈钼硫化物胶状集合体，经热接触变质作用后形成辉钼矿；铀呈不均匀分散在胶磷矿和碳泥质中，呈类质同象或吸附状态存在；稀土元素主要呈类质同存在于胶磷矿中，部分呈吸附状态存在；铜、铅、锌主要以硫化物和硫砷化物等存在，多富集在金属层中。

We report here on the characterization of copper-plated screen-printed electrodes modified by different clay minerals for the same purpose. The results indicated that clay minerals could improve oxidative and reductive currents of copper through the adsorption of copper ion on the surface of clay minerals. Nontronite showed the largest improvement in reductive currents of copper among the three clay minerals studied.

以不同黏土矿物修饰在镀铜网版印刷电极上进行电化学分析结果指出黏土矿物可促进铜的氧化还原电流量，此增大的部分与铜离子在黏土矿物表面吸附有关，三种黏土矿物中以多铁蒙特石修饰的对铜的还原电流量增加最大。

Since silicate minerals are major rock-forming minerals and some silicate minerals have also very high value, so silicate minerals are the important research object of mineral processing, but because structue of silicate minerals is very complex, separation problem between silicate minerals and valuable minerals become one of difficult problems which puzzle engineers of mineral processing.

由于硅酸盐矿物是主要的造岩矿物，某些硅酸盐矿物本身还具有很高的价值，因此硅酸盐矿物是矿物加工研究的重要对象，但由于硅酸盐矿物结构复杂，故硅酸盐矿物与有用矿物之间的分离问题成为一直困扰矿物加工界的难题之一。

At OZ Minerals Annual General Meeting held today in Melbourne, shareholders voted in favor of selling Sepon, Golden Grove, Century, Rosebery, Avebury, Dugald River, High Lake, Izok Lake, as well as OZ Minerals' interests in all other exploration and development assets to China Minmetals at a price of $1.386 billion.

澳大利亚OZ Minerals公司是世界第2大锌公司，澳大利亚第3大矿业公司，在锌、铅、铜、镍、金、银等资源上拥有可观储量。目前拥有锌1820万吨，相当于我国2007年查明的锌资源储量的18.74％；铅260万吨，相当于我国2007年查明的铅资源储量的6.28％。

By using competitive adsorption of activated carbom to remove unfavorable influence of carbon in carbonaceous gold concentrate on leaching process, the leaching rate of gold concentrate can be improved to 88% as compared with 10%by direct cyanidation.

本文论述了利用活性炭竞争吸附作用，消除含炭金精矿中炭在浸出过程中的影响，使金精矿的浸出率可由直接氰化的10％提高到88％。

The only thing you're ever gonna be king of is King of the Stupids!

你只配做傻瓜的国王！