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Based on the measurement of chromophoric dissolvable organic matter in 22 shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and corresponding penetrating depth were estimated using empirical models; and checked up utilizing the field measured attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in Lake Donghu Wuhan.

基于对长江中下游22个浅水湖泊有色可溶性有机物吸收的测量，运用经验模式估算了紫外辐射在长江中下游湖泊的衰减及对应的穿透深度，并利用在武汉东湖实测的紫外辐射衰减进行了检验。

Female flowers: tepals 4-6; ovary with 2 or 3 locules; styles 2 or 3, long; stigma decurrent to middle or middle-lower part of style; bracts and tepals ciliolate; interstylar nectaries or nectariferous tissue lacking.

雌花： 花被片4-6；子房具2或3子房室；花柱2或3，长；柱头下延至花柱中部或中下部；苞片和花被片具短缘毛；内花柱蜜腺或分泌蜜汁的组织无；果为核果

Depending on this, we concluded the difference of Zeitgeist between mid ages and pre-modern literature on merchant spirit: either the dominant idea of the mid ages poetry is "powerful commerce leads to underdeveloped farming", or the idea that focuses on "mutual benefits" based on court and local policy; but the beginning of pre-modern literature----- the agreement between scholar-bureaucrats and merchants comes from lightheartedness, joy, sentimental expression and lyrical description expressed by middle period of Ming merchant poetry that deeply reflected the citizenly cultural spirits. Contrast to the poetry on merchant of middle literature, this is the ultimate transformation, showed the mostly characteristic of pre-modern literature priorly .

以此为界说，可以归纳出中世、近世涉及商贾诗歌的不同的时代精神：中世时期的诗歌或以&贾雄则农伤&为其主导思想，或主要着眼于朝廷与地方政策的层面张扬&农商兼利&的思想；而近世文学的起点———明中叶涉及商贾的诗歌往往在自由自在、安享快乐及张扬情欲、舒展性灵等方面有士商心灵的契合，在深层次上反映了市民文化精神，相对于中世涉及商贾的诗歌有根本性的转变，较早地显示出近世文学的主要特征。

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube or at throat; filaments long, strongly intertwisted or geniculate; anthers narrowly sagittate, exserted, glutinous, connivent into a subcylindric cone, adherent to middle of pistil head, cells with an empty tail; disc 5-lobed or 5-scaled.

雄蕊花冠筒或在喉部的着生的在中部；花丝长，强烈缠结或；花药狭箭头形，外露，胶黏，靠合成为一近圆筒状孢子叶球，附着至中部的雌蕊头状花序，室具一空有尾；花盘5浅裂或5鳞片。

After the cells were treated by high concentration toxin for 4d, the content of nitrate-nitrogen in cells were lower markedly than the contrast, after the cells were treated by middle and low concentration toxin for 7d, the content of nitrate-nitrogen in cells were lowered. 3 groups of toxin treating all lowered the total phosphorus content. At the end of test, the phosphorus contently of low, middle, high concentration treating groups were 74.98%, 76.47% and 84.00% of the contrast respectively. The ACP activity of 3 treating groups compared with the contrast appeared the tendency of first lowering then raising.

高浓度毒素处理细胞4d后，细胞内硝态氮含量显著低于对照；中、低浓度毒素处理细胞7d后降低了胞内硝态氮含量。3组毒素处理均降低了胞内总磷含量，到实验结束时，低、中、高浓度处理组的胞内磷含量分别为对照的74.98%、76.47%和84.00%。3组处理组ACP活力与对照相比呈现先降低后升高的趋势。

In commonly cribble and ultra-fine powder group, heavy, middle and slight dose groups were included. Every heavy, middle and slight dose groups mice were administered with the pulyis by gavage every day at 0.6mL, 0.4mL, 0.2mL and every NS group mouse were ig 0.4mL NS every day.

低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别灌服1∶1的&促免散&粗粉、微粉煎液0.2mL/只/天、0.4mL/只/天和0.6mL/只/天，生理盐水对照组小鼠灌服生理盐水0.4mL/只/天，共灌药6天。

Secondly, the method of hierarchical classification was adopted to divide 282 cities into 3 kinds, the first was mainly capital cities and vice-province cities; the second was mostly eastern coastal cities and some middle cities; the third was western cities and part of middle cities. Thirdly, principle component analysis was taken to get the numbers of principle component, dedicative ratios of each principle component, and indicator values of each kind of cities, then, the differences of numbers of principle component, dedicative ratios of each principle component, and indicator values of each kind was investigated.

然后采用层次聚类分析的方法将282个地级城市分成了3类，采用主成分分析的方法分别对每一类型城市进行分析，得出每类型城市主成分的组数、每组主成分的贡献率及指标的因子值，分析了各类型城市主成分及指标因子值的差异。

CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in spleen, and B lymphocyte mainly is IgG~+ cell, moreover the amount of these B lymphocytes could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocyte subset after 7 days. CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in tonsil of appendix, and B lymphocyte is IgM~+ cell, and the amount could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocytes after 35 days. After 21 days, B lymphocytes in esophago tonsil are the main IgA~+ cells and the amount exceeds CD3~+ lymphocytes. The amount of CD4~+ lymphocytes is more than CD8+ lymphocytes.4. CD3~+、CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in spleen mainly distribute in periarterial lymphoid sheath. However IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells mainly distribute in ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath and germinal center. T lymphocytes in appendix tonsil mainly distribute in middle and inferior part of mucous and the B lymphocytes mainly in middle and mucous between 4~7 days. Whereafter T, B lymphocytes equably distribute in mucous. CD4~+ cells arrange tightly and mainly occupy the central part in aggregates of T lymphocytes in esophago tonsil and CD8~+ lymphocytes mainly distribute in periphery. Meanwhile B lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of T lymphocytes. The aggregates of B lymphocytes is mainly the germinal center with lots of IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells. Meanwihle T lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of B lymphocytes.5. There is an intimate relationship between the development of tissue structure of peripheral immune organs and lymphcytopoiesis. The maturation of tissue structure is stimulated by the immigration of lymphocytes and the mature tissue structure provides place where lymphocytes grow mature and functionate.

脾脏在21日龄时达到稳定，食管扁桃体和盲肠扁桃体均在35日龄时达到稳定；脾脏中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞则以IgG~+细胞为主，并在7日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞以IgM~+细胞为主，并在35日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；21日龄后，食管扁桃体中B淋巴细胞以IgA~+细胞为主，数量超过CD3~+细胞，CD4~+细胞的数量多于CD8~+细胞。4、在T、B淋巴细胞组织定位方面，脾脏中CD3~+、CD4~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中，而IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞主要分布在椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中；4～7日龄时，盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞主要分布在粘膜固有层的中下部区域，而B淋巴细胞则主要分布在中上部区域，随后各日龄T、B淋巴细胞均匀地分布在粘膜固有层中；在食管扁桃体的T淋巴细胞聚集物中，CD4~+细胞紧密排列，主要占据中央部位，CD8~+细胞主要散布在外周，同时B淋巴细胞又环绕在整个T淋巴细胞聚集物的外周；B淋巴细胞聚集物主要为生发中心，其中存在大量IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞，同时T淋巴细胞又环绕在整个B淋巴细胞聚集物的外周。5、外周免疫器官的组织结构发育和淋巴细胞发生之间存在密切的关系，淋巴细胞迁入淋巴器官刺激组织结构的发育成熟，同时成熟的组织结构又为淋巴细胞发育成熟并行使功能活动提供场所。

The anatomic variations included 39 deviation of nasal septum,28 paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate ,11 pneumatized middle turbinate , 16 uncinate hyperplasia ,9 deviation of uncinate, 5 pneumatized uncinate ,15 large ethmoidal bulla and 9 Haller cell.

所有病例均显示钩突、筛窦漏、半月裂、筛泡及中鼻甲等的结构，鼻中隔偏曲39例，中鼻甲反向弯曲28例、中鼻甲气化11例，钩突肥大16例，钩突明显偏移9例，钩突气化5例，筛泡过度气化15例， Haller 气房6例。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐