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Studies on stability indicated that PHGF proliposomes should be stored at low temperature and against light, which ensured unchange of their redispersity, content of drug, encapsulation efficiency, acid value and peroxide value. Liposomes were multilamellar vesicle structure under transmission electron microscopy. Average particle size was 0.65 micrometer, ranging from 0.09 micrometer to 1.21 micrometer. Cryoscopic value was 0.64 C determined by cryoscopic method, which was a little higher than that of isotonic solution.

以透射电镜观测PHGF前体脂质体再分散后的形态为囊泡状；激光散射法测得平均粒径为0.65μm，且粒度分布在0.09μm～1.21μm之间；该脂质体荷负电，ζ电位为-44.23mV；冰点降低法测得冰点降低度数为0.64℃，略高于等渗溶液冰点降低度数；测得粘度为1.83mPa·s，达到生理要求；此外，对PHGF脂质体的刺激性、溶血性、热原、异常毒性和过敏沈阳药科大学硕士学位论文拘要性检查表明均符合静脉注射给药的标准。

Recent crystallographic and electron microscopy studies provide important insight and evidence on the assembly and disassembly mechanism.

当前的结晶学实验和电镜实验结果为Exocyst复合物的组装和解离机制提供了重要线索和证据。

The surface morphology structures of Cybister bengalensis were observed and depicted by stereo-microscope and scanning electron microscopy.The results indicated that three typical concaves and universal heaves exist.

采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜技术观察并描述了黄缘真龙虱体壁表面各部位的形态结构特征，发现了3种典型的凹陷和普遍存在的凸起，了解了其三维结构，分析了凹陷与龙虱水生生活的关系。

Results: The expression of MDA-7 was positive in the cytochylema and cell membrane of tumor cells with the light microscopy.

结果：光镜下，MDA-7主要位于肿瘤细胞胞浆和胞膜上，为粗、细不一的棕黄色颗粒，细胞核无阳性反应着色。

The morphological and cytopathological characters of the viruses were observed by electron microscopy The types of virus were identified with I-ELISA, DAS-ELISA, TAS-ELISA, RT-PCR and IC-PCR. The CP genes of the main viruses identified in this research were amplified by PCR, cloned into pGEM-T and sequenced. The pumpkin germplasm from Heilongjiang and Yunnan provinces was screened for resistance to the main viruses using friction and roots immersed inoculation.

应用电子显微镜负染法和超薄切片法观察病原粒体形态及细胞病理学特征；利用酶联免疫吸附测定法中的双抗体夹心ELISA、间接ELISA、三抗体夹心ELISA以及反转录聚合酶链式反应、免疫捕捉PCR方法鉴定了采集样品中的病毒种类；对被确定为南瓜主要病毒病原的外壳蛋白基因进行了PCR扩增，克隆到pGEM-T载体并进行测序；应用摩擦接种法和浸根接种法对云南、黑龙江省部分南瓜品系、品种进行了抗性筛选。

The cardiomyocyte viability were detected by MTT assay for calculating the survival rate and the inhibitory rate of the virus. Myocardial F-actin and VEGF were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with confocal microscopy. Mean fluorescent intensity of F-actin and VEGF were determined by flow cytometry.Results There is no toxicity on cardiomyocytes when PD is at concentration of 0.02 mmol/L and 0.2 mmol/L while there is toxicity at concentration of 2 mmol/L. CVB3 could reduce the viability of cardiomyocytes, depolymerize F-actin cytoskeleton and reorganize VEGF protein.

体外培养心肌细胞，用100 TCID50柯萨奇B3病毒（CVB3）感染心肌细胞，建立病毒性心肌炎实验模型，然后分别用0.02mmol/L、0.2mmol/L、2mmol/L三种不同浓度的PD处理感染CVB3病毒的心肌细胞，观察心肌细胞的形态和搏动，用细胞免疫荧光技术标记纤维状肌动蛋白和VEGF蛋白，四唑蓝比色法测定心肌细胞活性和病毒抑制率，流式细胞仪检测各组心肌细胞VEGF蛋白和F-actin平均荧光强度。

The phase transition and states of the lyotropic liquid crystals of chitosan in dichloroacetic acid were studied by polarized microscopy.

借助偏光显微镜研究了不同壳聚糖样品在二氯乙酸中的液晶相转变和液晶状态。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

Two freshwater testate amoebae, Difflugia acuminata magna Deflandre, 1926 and D. paulii Ogden, 1983, isolated from Lake Qihu, Hubei Province, China on 17 Feb. 2004, were investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy.

记述了首次在中国湖北七湖中鉴定到的隶属肉鞭门根足总纲叶足纲表壳目砂壳科砂壳虫属的2种中国新纪录种：大尖顶砂壳虫Difflugia acuminata magna Deflandre，1926和泡利砂壳虫D.paulii Ogden，1983。

8Co alloy have been studied by means of optical and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dilatometry, tensile tests and Vickers hardness measurements. The inherent factors responsible for the low shape memory effect of polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si alloys have been revealed.

本文通过金相、透射电镜及X-射线衍射分析以及热膨胀、拉伸和硬度试验等手段研究了Fe-25.6Mn-5.1Si-4.1Ni-1.8Co合金中应力诱发γ→ε马氏体相变和形状记忆效应，揭示了引起多晶Fe-Mn-Si系记忆合金形状记忆效应低的内在因素。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。