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The paper considers that urban planning methodology is composed with three parts. They are philosophy foundation, noetic methodology and operational methods. The philosophy foundation of urban planning methodology under the framework of multi-rationality composes of Marxist philosophy with materialistic dialectic and historical dialectic as the core, western philosophy such as humanism, verificationism, and historism etc., oriental philosophy centralized on synthesis and unison. The noetic methodology of urban includes micro logical noetic methods macro visual noetic methods and micro-macro creative noetic methods. The urban planning operational method includes the route, process and techniques needed in practice.

其中，城市规划方法的哲学基础是在总体的复合理性框架之下，由以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为核心的马克思主义哲学，人本主义、实证主义、历史主义等西方哲学以及强调综合调和、天人合一的东方哲学思想所构成；城市规划思维方法体系，是城市规划过程中思考问题的角度及处理问题的方法论的总和，包括微观的逻辑思维方法、宏观的形象思维方法和宏微结合的创造性思维方；城市规划操作方法体系是直接用于城市规划实践的方法归纳和概括，包括城市规划的方法路线、程序组织、技术方法等等。

Objective To establish rat model with polycystic ovary with two different methods:testosterone plus human chorionic gonadotropin and progestogen plus HCG,compare the rat models induced by testosterone plus HCG with the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in the aspects of ovarial morphous and gonadal hormone,and investigate whether testosterone with HCG is the effective method to establish rat model with polycystic ovary syndrome,than compare two methods(T+HCG and P+HCG)finally to draw a conclusion if there are any difference or similary between the two methods and which one is more ideal and convenient.Methods 60 SD female rats of 23 days were divided into three groups in random.

目的 本实验用睾酮联合绒毛膜促性腺激素及炔诺孕酮联合HCG两种方法分别建立多囊卵巢大鼠模型，将模型鼠的卵巢形态及血清激素方面改变与人类多囊卵巢综合征的病理改变加以比较，探讨睾酮联合HCG是否是建立多囊卵巢大鼠模型的有效方法，并比较两种造模法是否存在异同点，判断哪一种造模方法更为理想及简便有效。

Through the comparison of calculation results of two methods in the uniform and the non-uniform inflow, it is found that the results by two methods are very close. The calculation results by two methods are compared with open water test, and the agreement is well. The two methods can both perfectly simulate the hydrodynamics performance of podded propeller, and the method of induced potential needs less program work and can save a great deal of calculation time and memory space. It is a simpler and effective method to calculate hydrodynamics performance of podded propellers and other combined propulsions.

经过用两种方法对均匀来流和非均匀来流条件下水动力性能的计算比较，发现两种方法的计算结果很接近，并与模型试验结果吻合得很好，但用诱导速度势的方法编程工作量较诱导速度方法少，而且还可节省大量的计算时间和存储空间，是一种计算吊舱推进器和其他组合推进器水动力性能相对简单而且有效的方法。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

Most conventional methods for the extraction of substrate network were based on the use of frequency behavior of Y22 + Y21. However, we found that the feedback signal through the internal circuit elements makes the conductance of the substrate network underestimated while makes the susceptance of the substrate network overestimated. If conventional methods are directly performed on large area SiGe HBTs, a negative effective substrate resistance will be extracted. In the first part of the thesis, a new extraction method for the substrate network parameters of SiGe HBTs is proposed. When extracting the substrate network parameters, the feedback signal through internal circuit elements is considered. All the circuit elements of substrate network are extracted from Ysub instead of Y22 + Y21. The extracted substrate network parameters show a different bias dependence as compared to the conventional methods. By using a simple n+-p junction, we successfully explained the extracted bias dependent substrate network parameters. We developed a series linear regression equation to extracted the intrinsic circuit elements from the ABCD parameters. Compared with the conventional methods which extracted the circuit elements from Y-parameters or Z-parameters, the proposed method is much simple and easy to implement in the computer programs.

传统方法在萃取基板网路参数时，常常由所量得的Y22 + Y21来著手，但我们的研究发现，利用Y22 + Y21的频率关系来萃取基板参数时，基板网路的电导会被低估而基板网路的电纳则会被高估，另外传统基板网路参数萃取方法在萃取大尺寸元件基板网路参数时会得到负值基板等效电阻，以上的非理想效应皆因忽略部份信号会经由本质参数对基板网路做回授的影响，因此本论文中提出一个新的基板网路参数萃取方法，在萃取基板网路参数时考虑了由本质参数所回授的信号，并且由Ysub而非Y22 + Y21萃取基板等效电阻、基板等效电容及基板与集极空乏电容，成功的解决上述的一些非理想效应，所得到的基板网路参数与集极偏压的关系与传统方法所得的趋势相异，经由一个简单的模型成功的解释了所萃取得到的基板网路参数与偏压的关系，在萃取本质参数时，我们舍弃传统萃取方法中常用的Y参数或Z参数萃取方程式，而改用ABCD参数，并提出一系列的线性回归方程式，萃取所有的本质参数，与传统方法比较起来，比较简单而且容易建立在使用者的参数萃取软体中。

Methods To tind the four kinds of methods that deal with the bare wound area on the skin flap pedicle,by reviewing operative methods that hand's skin imperfect is repaired by distant smaller random pattern skin flap（No including nearer fingers skin flap）in the treatment process of hand's injury in the author's hand surgery in the nearer three years,the four kinds of methods are:the pedicle is swed up to tube;Accepted wound skin edge nearly the pedicle and supplying wound skin edge are sewed up;Theskin flap's pedicle injury area is bared,and then bind up by Vaseline gauze;The fourth method is replanting free skin on the pedicle's injury area.

笔者复习了在手外科近3年来，在手外伤患者治疗过程中，应用远位（如胸腹、鱼际侧或另一肢体）微小随意带蒂皮瓣（是指皮瓣宽度在2.0cm以内的小皮瓣）修复手指部皮肤缺损的手术方法，发现在处理皮瓣蒂部处裸露创面上存在着4种不同的方法，这4种方法分别是：将蒂部缝合成管状，将受区蒂部侧皮缘与供区伤口缝合，将皮瓣蒂部创面裸露，用凡士林纱布包扎，第4种方法是在皮瓣蒂部创面上移值游离皮片。

Methods To tind the four kinds of methods that deal with the bare wound area on the skin flap pedicle,by reviewing operative methods that hand's skin imperfect is repaired by distant smaller random pattern skin flap（No including nearer fingers skin flap）in the treatment process of hand's injury in the author's hand surgery in the nearer three years,the four kinds of methods are:the pedicle is swed up to tube;Accepted wound skin edge nearly the pedicle and supplying wound skin edge are sewed up;Theskin flap's pedicle injury area is bared,and then bind up by Vaseline gauze;The fourth method is replanting free skin on the pedicle's injury area.

通过复习笔者所在手外科近3年来，在手外伤患者治疗过程中，应用远位微小随意带蒂皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损的手术方法，发现在处理皮瓣蒂部处裸露创面上存在着4种不同的方法，这4种方法分别是：将蒂部缝合成管状；将受区蒂部侧皮缘与供区伤口缝合；将皮瓣蒂部创面裸露，用凡士林纱布包扎；第4种方法是在皮瓣蒂部创面上移植游离皮片。

As for treemaking methods,there are many treemaking methods,of which the NJ,ML,and MP methods are the most popular methods uded.

而就构树方法来说，NJ法、ML法和MP法是三种最为普遍使用的方法。

Textile colorfastness to crocking is very important, and there are differences among test methods in different countries. The test results are influenced by different test methods. In order to avoid the "trade rubs" among different countries, it is necessary to know the correlation among test results of different test methods. In this paper, Chinese GB(GB/T 3920-51997), AATCC(AATCC TM 82004) and JIS(JIS L 0849-1996) test methods of colorfastness to crocking were introduced.

纺织品耐摩擦色牢度是重要的检测指标，各国的标准和测试方法有一些差异，而不同的测试方法对测试结果有一定的影响，为了解不同测试方法测试结果的相关性，以避免贸易摩擦，本文介绍了耐摩擦色牢度的我国国标(GB/T 3920 5 1997)、美国纺织化学家及染色家协会标准(AATCC TM8 2004)、日本标准工业协会标准(JIS L 0849 1996)等三个测试方法标准，通过对相同试样的三种测试方法的测试，探讨了评定值之间的相互关系。

This review focuses on newly developed strategies for miRNA quantification, and elucidates in detail the probe-hybridization based methods including Northern blotting, microarray, gold nanoparticle labelling, and splinted ligation with radioactive labels. The amplification-based methods including quantitative PCR, rolling cycle amplification, invader assay, and the next generation sequencing methods were also discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared.

文章系统地介绍了最新发展的microRNA定量检测方法，详细阐述了基于探针杂交技术的Northern blotting法、微阵列芯片法、纳米金标记法、桥连同位素标记法，以及基于扩增技术的定量PCR检测法、滚环扩增法、引物入侵法和新一代大规模高通量测序法等，并对这些方法的优缺点进行了分析比较。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。