查询词典 methods

Topics covered include: density estimation (incorporating such topics as kernel density estimates, nearest neighbor estimates, variable kernel methods, orthogonal series estimates, maximum penalized likelihood estimates, bandwidth choice), nonparametric regression (incorporating kernel methods, spline methods, penalized likelihood, bandwidth choice, generalized additive models), and bootstrapping.

非参数建模专题：非参数建模专题：基于计算机的非参数统计方法论。包括：密度估计(如：核密度估计，最近邻估计，可变核方法，正交序列估计，最大补偿似然估计法，带宽选择)非参数回归(如：，核方法，样条方法，补偿似然估计，带宽选择，广义可加模型，)和 bootstrapping 方法。

The study focuses on "value diversity", and explores it step by step with a route of "Review -Rethink and Criticism -Construction and Transcendence -Application"From a historical perspective, the study reviews and summarizes western educational evaluation theories and technology development, describes evaluation methods of so-called first three generations evaluation methods, and analyzes historical critique of them, including their failure to accommodate value-pluralism, a tendency towards managerialism, and the overcommitment to the scientific paradigm of inquiry; and then further points out that the fourth generation evaluation methods can be introduced for their effective response to problems of value-pluralism. The study focuses on the characteristics and ideology of the fourth generation evaluation theory; based on which, the research work investigates the social and cultural foundations of education evaluation theory and technology formation development from the dimension of the evolution of values foundation, the impact of social ideology and methodology conversion.

研究从历史的视角回顾、梳理了西方教育评价理论与技术的发展，对称之为前三代评价的方法进行了描述，并分析了历史上对这些早期评价方法的批判，包括对价值多元化的排斥问题、管理主义倾向、对调查的科学范式的过度推崇等；进而指出，第四代评价方法能够有效回应价值多元化问题而被引入，论文重点探讨了第四代评价理论的思想及特点；在此基础上，从价值基础的演变、社会思潮的影响和方法论的转换等维度考察了教育评价理论与技术形成发展的社会文化基础。

We design the parallel methods of Krylov Subspace Methods and the PPAT-precontioned Krylov Subspace Methods, implement them on YH-3 supercomputer, analyze their scalabilities on YH-3 supercomputer.

我们设计了Krylov子空间方法以及PPAT预条件Krylov子空间方法的并行算法，在YH-3上进行了性能测试，并分析了它们在YH-3上的可扩展性。

First it concludes elementary methods for product modeling such as feature recognition, feature-based design and feature mapping. Then it probes into the mechanism of constraint-based feature parametric modeling, representation of feature parametric model and methods for solving constraint in details. At the end it proposes a feature-based modeling system that makes good use of resources and synthesizes many feature modeling methods, and analyses the development of prototype system oriented to actual application.

首先全面归纳了基本的基于特征的产品建模方法，包括特征识别、基于特征设计和特征映射方法，然后对基于约束的特征参数化建模、特征参数化模型的表达和定义方法以及约束求解方法进行了深入研究，最后提出了一个充分利用现有资源，特征识别、基于特征设计和特征映射共用的特征建模系统，并探讨了面向实际应用的原型系统的开发技术。

The methods of constructing phylogenetic trees include the distance2based methods , parsimony , maximum likelihood , and Bayesian inference methods.

构建系统树的方法有距离法、简约法、最大似然法以及贝叶斯推断法等。

In studing methods,partial func-tional differential equations sum up the theories and methods of ordinary differentialequations,partial differential equations,the semigroup theory and the fixed-pointtheory in functional analysis and the basic concepts,theories and methods suit-able for the partial differential equations with delay are formed.

偏泛函微分方程在研究方法上综合了常微分方程的理论方法和泛函分析中算子半群、不动点理论以及偏微分方程的理论方法，并形成了以时滞为基本特征的泛函微分方程的基本概念、理论和方法。

Network analyzers provide a method for measurement of frequency translating devices and these methods are more accurate and can save more time. According the principles of scalar network analyzer and vector network analyzer the authors introduced methods to measure conversion loss of frequency translating devices using scalar network analyzer and methods to measure conversion loss and phase using vector network analyzer.

摘 要：网络分析仪为测量变频器件提供了快速而准确的测量方法，根据标量网络分析仪和矢量网络分析仪的测量原理，详细介绍了用标网测量变频器变频损耗的方法，以及用矢网测量变频损耗和相位的方法。

We prove the strong con-vergence of the methods, that is, if the methods do not terminate in finite iterations,then every limit point of the sequence generated by the methods is a stationary pointof the primal problem.

本论文证明了所给算法具有强收敛性，即若算法不是有限步终止，则算法产生的迭代序列的所有极限点都是原问题的稳定点。

Proceeding from the above purpose and thinking, the following of research contents is launched that: Chapter one is a part of the prolegomena, and mainly introduce the purpose, meaning, research background, documents survey in which the tax compliance discrimination models concerned. On the basis of the investigation of the critical to taxation, Chapter two reveals the index system, and uses the discriminating analytical method to judge taxpayers" credit, and embodies its standard and methods in judgments. On the disvovery of the investigating taxpayers" microeconomics behavior, Chapter three uses the econometrical modeling methods and data mining technology, establishes Logistic regression model, calculates taxpayer credit measure and gives the empirical analysis; Chapter four gives a work methods and suggestions in practical application of identifying models; It is a conclusion of this paper, which reaffirms the main achievements and viewpoints of this paper.

从以上目的和思路出发，本文研究内容如下方式展开：论文第一章为绪论部分，主要介绍纳税人诚信识别模型研究的目的、意义、研究背景、文献综述以及全文框架；第二章在纳税评估问卷调查基础上，提出纳税评估指标体系，并应用多元统计的判别分析方法来给出评判纳税人诚信，并具体给出其判断的标准与方法；第三章在考察纳税人微观行为基础上采用计量经济建模方法和数据挖掘技术，建立定量能测算纳税人诚信水平的Logistic回归模型，并作实证分析：第四章对比分析纳税评估模型实证研究结果，并就模型在实际应用中的工作方法、建议及进一步的研究方向展开讨论；最后为本文的结论，在该部分将再次重申本文研究的主要成果和观点。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。