查询词典 method

Furthermore, the first-order optimality condition and its equivalent reformulations for generalized semi-infinite max-min programming with a non-compact set are presented using the lower-Hadamard directional derivative and subdifferential.2. Chapter 3 studies the gradient-type methods for unconstrained optimization problems. Section 1 proposes a new class of three-term memory gradient methods. The global convergence property of the method is established. Furthermore, in order to improve the convergence property of the method, a new class of memory gradient projection methods is presented with the property that the whole sequence of iterates converges to a solution to the problem under the conditions such as pseudo-convexity and continuous differentiability of objective function. In section 2, two new classes of methods, called gradient-type method with perturbations and hybrid projection method with perturbations, are proposed. In these methods, non-monotone line search technique is employed, which makes them easily executed in computer.

第3章研究了无约束优化问题的梯度型算法，第1节提出了一类新的三项记忆梯度算法，讨论了算法的全局收敛性，进一步提出了一类新的具有更好收敛性质的记忆梯度投影算法，并证明了该算法在函数伪凸的情况下具有整体收敛性，第2节在非单调步长搜索下提出了带扰动项的梯度型算法及其混合投影算法，这两类算法的一个重要特征就是步长采用线搜索确定而不象许多文献中那样要求步长趋于零，这样更容易在计算机上实现，在较弱的条件下证明了这些算法的全局收敛性，数值算例表明了算法的有效性。

In this paper,the boundary singular kernel method in Reproducing Kernel Paicle Method has been applied to impose the essential boundary conditions in EFGM by revising the MLS shape function.The stress field and the displacement field are analysed by linear elastic theory.The contour integral method is used to calculate the J-integral,then the stress intensity factors of mixed-mode crack is acquired.The correctness and the validity of the method are validated.

本文将再生核质点方法中的边界奇异权方法引入EFGM中，通过对MLS形函数进行修正实现了本质边界条件在节点处的精确施加；运用线弹性断裂理论分析裂纹板的应力应变场，采用围线积分法计算J积分，给出了复合型裂纹板的应力强度因子的无网格伽辽金方法。

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

But it is a hard task to solve this equation, one reason is that the TV-norm is nondifferentiable when |▽_u|= 0, so we cant apply a linearizationtechnique such as the Newton method. The other reason is that the Euler-Lagrange equation has a highly nonlinear term. The Newton method for such equation is known to have a very small domain of convergence, and it is very difficult to make sure that the initial value such as the observed image belongs to this domain. So the Newton method is not an ideal method for solving this equation.

但是求解它比较困难，主要是因为TV-范数在|▽u|=0处不可微，不能用诸如牛顿法之类的方法将其线性化；且Euler-Lagrange方程含有一个高度非线性的项，牛顿法只有局部收敛性，对于高度非线性问题它的收敛域很小，因此难以保证所取的初始点在它的收敛域内，故一般不用牛顿法直接求解。

In the beginning, we describe the definition of coplanarity and warpage in electronic industry, and improve the original method to search coplananrity in a shorter period of time. Then, we introduce the original theory of Shadow Moire, and establish optical measuring system by using Shadow Moire method, phase shifting method, phase unwrapping method…etc.

首先叙述电子元件所定义的共面性与翘曲量原理，并改变原搜寻方式，以较少的时间搜寻共面性；接著介绍阴影叠纹法原始立论基础，并加入相位移法、相位展开法。。。

The paper is based on the rupture-dynamical theory and DNV RP-F101 recommendatory method, through the study of three corrosion models, we have built up rational estimation model, adopted subentry safety coefficient method and allowed stress method to estimate the remaining strength of corrodent pipelines, and finally, introduced the Genetic Algorithms method to compute the reliability of corrodent pipelines, gaining the reliability index, and provided corresponding program.

本文以断裂力学理论为基础，以 DNV RP-F101 腐蚀管道评估的推荐作法为蓝本，通过对管道腐蚀损伤的三种腐蚀形式具体研究，建立了合理的评估计算模型，采用了分项安全系数法和许用应力法对腐蚀管道的剩余强度进行了失效压力的计算，最后较详细的介绍了遗传算法的基本理论，并把它应用到对腐蚀管道的进行可靠性评估中，得出其可靠性指标，并给出了相应的计算程序。

The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

For the multifractal method, there is still no standard being set up to determine the threshold anomaly of metallogenic prognosis by the soil elements. This paper presents a calculation method using the cumulative frequency of elemental contentsnumber of deposits. The anomaly area obtained by this method can well identify the most of known deposits. Meanwhile, by this method some blank abnormal areas which are worthwhile to do further anomaly inspection have been identified.

多维分形方法下土壤元素成矿预测的异常下限值确定尚无标准，文中采用元素含量矿床数目累积频率的计算方法，基于该方法提取的成矿异常区域较好地识别出了绝大多数已知矿床，同时识别出了值得作进一步异常查证的空白异常区域。

With curvilinear regression analysis we can prove that the result of the new approach is high correlation with MTF measured by optical instrument, in other words, the new method is sensitive to the change of image definition. When compared with traditional method, the result of analysis can also show that the new method is better than traditional method, such as entropy, to assess gray scale digital image definition.

目前 ，对数字图像清晰度的评价方法主要有空域参数方差、熵以及频域调制传递函数MTF等，但由于这些方法各有优缺点，如空域参数虽评价简洁、快速，但对图像清晰度的细小变化不敏感；频域参数虽对图像清晰度变化敏感，但计算较慢，不宜程序运算的自动化。

The first one such as Echo method is a regular clr method under the operation contract, the second one is also under the WCF contract, but its implementation is declaratively using a xaml stack,, and the third method is a private regular clr method.

第一个，如回声方法是根据经营合同定期CLR的方法，第二个也是在WCF的合同，但其实施是使用的XAML声明栈，（我们可以称之为XAML的方法），第三个方法是一个私人定期CLR的方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。