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Today, the main means of the study of the 3-manifold are the algebraic method, geometrical method,and combinatorial method.

目前，关于三维流形理论的研究主要有代数方法，几何方法和组合方法。

Physics concepts, theorems as well as principles are primary content of physics learning, those knowledge take on the forms by proposition . In chapter 3, the study revealed that physics proposition are mainly obtained by reasoning (inductive reasoning such as tallying method, differentiation method and covariant method, deductive reasoning such as negative expression of hypothetical inference, affirmative expression of hypothetical inference ).Then by the means of experiment, the different condition needed when applying those reasoning was explored.

由于定义性概念、定理和定律等命题知识是物理教学的主要内容，所以在第三章中首先通过研究，表明物理命题主要是运用推理策略获得的(归纳推理策略中的求同策略、差异策略和共变策略，演绎推理策略)；然后通过实验等方法研究使用策略需要的条件；最后依据前面的研究提出适合物理命题学习的任务分析方法。

This study put forward the pulse responding method, time differential method and distribution parameter estimation method for online pipeline leak detection.

本文针对气液体管道进行了管道泄漏传播规律和流动模型研究，建立了管道实时在线观测器、学习器、物质平衡法管道泄漏检测方法和几种管道泄漏动态检测器，编制了管道泄漏检测软件。

Based on the adequate study of general method to solve linear equation group, this thesis employs incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method for the numerical stability and efficiency of solution process. In order to eliminate morbidity of FEM coefficient matrix and speed up its convergency, this thesis proposes a newly effective incomplete Cholesky decomposition preconditioned method and suggests some improved preconditioned schemes to the current popular ICCG methods.

为了克服系数矩阵病态特性和加快收敛速度，本文从完全的Cholesky分解出发，构造出了一种新的不完全分解预处理方法，效果显著；另外，在已有的不完全Cholesky分解预处理方法的基础上，提出了十分有效的改进方案。

In this thesis the process of constructing the non-perturbative Hamiltonian theory is de-scribed and is applied to estimate the vacuum condensate. It contains the following contents:At the very beginning, by using the path integral method and eliminating the gluon freedom, aGCM action 〓 of current quarks including lower order current-current coupling was derivedfrom the QCD Lagrangian and the effective Hamiltonian operator that could hardly be doneby the normal methods was derived. After doing this, the broken vacuum is introduced whichincludes quark-antiquark condensate through the generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation,the effective Hamiltonian of constituent quark was derived. The detailed formulas containingthe spatial current-current coupling term for the effective Hamiltonian and gap equations wasworked out by parameterizing the correlation kernel as a quadratic potential. And then, the gapequation was solved and the quark-antiquark condensate of vacuum was studied both in the casesof instantaneous interaction and retarded interaction. In the end, the effective Hamiltionian withtwo-body quark-quark interaction was derived with one-body approximation, and with the helpof the functional integral method the coupling non-linear dynamic equations for systems withnuclear matter was derived. Finally, these equations were solved by selfconsistent method andthe effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied. The spatial current-current coupling term is too difficult to handle, hence the correlationkernel is assumed to be not important and usually omitted in the pure vacuum condensate, andthe instantaneous interaction generally is adopted. Retaining the spatial current-current termand partial retardation effect, the quark pairs condensate in pure vacuum was studied, and theeffect of quark mass was also studied. At present, little study is focused in the case with nuclearmatter and spatial current-current term also omitted. Under the approximation with partialspatial current-current term, the effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied.

本论文描述了量子色动力学整体色对称模型哈密顿量方法的构建过程，得到了反映正反夸克对凝聚真空结构的关于组分夸克的有效哈密顿量算符，它隐含了胶子作用，并且准确至流-流耦合项；接着，通过参数化哈密顿量中的夸克作用关联核，导出平方禁闭势参数化选择的哈密顿量的具体公式和能隙方程；随后，应用公式，编程求解，考察了瞬时作用下和部分延迟作用下真空的正反夸克对凝聚，在计算中保留了空间流-流耦合作用；之后，导出瞬时势和延迟势下包含二体作用项的哈密顿量公式，并采用单体化近似，通过泛函变分方法得到核物质存在时耦合的非线性动力学方程；在保留部分空间双流耦合作用的近似下，求解核物质的动力学方程，考察核物质密度对真空凝聚的影响，以往考察真空凝聚，对关联核的选用，由于空间流-流耦合项不易处理，也认为作用不大，常忽略该项，并且常采用瞬时作用；本文保留空间双流项和部分延迟作用，考察了真空情形的夸克对凝聚，还考察了夸克质量对纯真空凝聚的影响，以往对核物质存在情形的真空凝聚考察很少，也都忽略空间流-流项，本文在考虑部分空间流-流项近似下，考察了核物质存在对真空凝聚的影响。

Because the characteristic is combining explosive, it is advised that using Binary SLNN to solve the problem. In order to test the liability of the results, this study will use random researching method in comparison with Weighted Hungarian Method. It is found that the testing result of SLNN is superior to Weighted Hungarian Method in solution-effect and random searching is the worst one.

由於问题具组合爆炸的特性，故本文拟以自我学习神经网路解多目标指派问题，另为使解答有比较之依据，在此与随机合法解及加权匈牙利法的解答作比较；经测试，在解答品质及稳定性方面，以自我学习神经网路表现最佳，加权匈牙利法次之，随机合法解效果最差。

The study probe into at when extreme rainfall happenning incident research purpose department on city, estimate its flow of flood crest to defend and provide disaster relief the reference carried on the exercise of in follow-up ; While estimating the the depth of extreme rainfall , use separately: World Meteological Organization statistic method, storm transposition and dew point adjustment method and average recurrence interval rainfall depth factor method, inquire into and act as river valley wutu the upper reaches of Keelung and collect in the water area separately, wutu station with flood-diversion stands in the Huo-Shao-Liao station before Yuan-Shan-Tzu flood-diversion, the depth when the extreme rainfall happens separately, step forward and mix the set of design hyetograph by extreme rainfall ,finally,mix geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph afterwards, in order to estimate the flow of flood crest produced cause by extreme rainfall incident .

本文之研究目的系探讨当极端暴雨事件发生於都会区时，推估其洪峰流量以作为后续防救灾演练之参考。在推估极端暴雨之降雨深度时，分别采用：世界气象组织统计法、暴雨移置与露点调整法及平均重现期距雨量因子法，分别推求当基隆河流域五堵上游集水区，员山子分洪前之火烧寮站与分洪后之五堵站，分别发生极端暴雨时之雨量，进一步将极端暴雨量套配设计雨型，最后再搭配地貌型瞬时单位历线模式，以推估因发生极端暴雨事件而产生之洪峰流量。

To study numerical solution of the linear equations,the article presents direct method ,Jacobi iterate method and Gauss-seidel iterate method to approximately calculate,and has given its process in MATLAB.

为研究线性方程组的数值解，文章用直接解法、雅可比迭代法、高斯-赛德尔迭代法进行了近似计算，并给出在MATLAB中计算的程序。

The study of operation of lattice dicision-making By applying the concept, theory, method of lattice theory and graph theory, defining and stipulating the method which can reflect the superior or inferior relation among different elements on lattice, and the variable, parameter, operation rule and the compare method, For example, the preference distance and it's working with relecting the superior or inferior relation among different elements on lattice.

借助格论和图论中的有关概念、理论和方法，定义和规定了能描述格上不同元素之间优劣关系及其联系强度的变量、参数、运算规则及其比较方法，如反映不同决策方案的优劣程度差别的"偏好距离"及其计算，并将此理论运用到了具有区间数的群决策问题中去，给出了区间数的一种格序排列方法。

MethodNortheast Rape leaves as subject, using the Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination method, Soxhlet extraction method and direct drying method, the content of leaf protein, crude fat and water in Northeast Rape leaves were determined to study the influence of different pH, extraction temperature, time and the ratio of solid-liquor on the extraction percentage of leaf protein.

方法以东北小油菜叶作为试验材料，分别利用凯式定氮法、索式抽提法和直接干燥法测定油菜叶中叶蛋白、粗脂肪和水分含量，研究不同pH值、提取温度、时间及料液比对叶蛋白提取率的影响。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。