查询词典 method of synthesis

With solid state synthesis method,the expression of rate of reaction is detected and order of reaction and activation energy are defined.

本文通过固相合成的方法，对反应速率进行了测定，确定其反应的反应级数和活化能分别为4。

Moreover, it was successfully linked with lactobionic acid through amine groups on the surface of particles, and used to recognize living liver cells successfully.(3) In order to simplify the proceeding of preparation of silica-coated qdots, a novel one-pot method using 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane as a capping molecule was proposed for the first time. Furthermore, amine and phosphonate groups were also modified on the surface of silica-coated qdots simultaneously. This was the first time the synthesis and the surface modification of qdots were performed in the same system.

3在前一部分工作的基础上，进一步简化量子点的合成与包壳步骤，以MPS为稳定剂，制备了硅壳包被的CdTe量子点，并在硅壳外同步修饰氨基及磷酸基团，首次成功实现了量子点的合成与表面的功能化修饰在同一体系中进行，从而制得了水溶性的、表面带有氨基和磷酸基团的硅壳型CdTe量子点。

This inexpensive anisole solvothermal method extended the field of organic solution phase pyrolysis or the area of the traditional solvothermal process, and paves a new way for the synthesis of other important pure or doping ternary functional materials.

这种廉价的苯甲醚溶剂热方法拓宽了传统有机液相高温热解法和溶剂热合成路线的应用范围，为合成其他纯相或掺杂的的三元化合物提供了一条方便廉价的新途径。

By putting forward a research method on the history of mathematical economics through the synthesis of the intrinsic and extrinsic historical factors , the author examines some issues in the early devel-opment of mathematical economics in the light of arithmetization of analysis.

提出研究数理经济学史的内、外史相结合的方法，并以十九世纪分析算术化为背景，用该方法探讨了数理经济学早期发展的若干问题，指出数学基础尚未完善的问题是1870年前在经济研究中应用数学方法的主要障碍，而以分析算术化为代表的数学基础重建则是此后数理经济学迅猛兴起的重要原因。

On the basis of an analysis of several steps in synthesizing manganese iso-octoate ,a kind of paint siccative,the one-step direct synthesis method is put forward,in which barium hydroxide is used to replace sodium hydroxide,and all the materials are at once added in the same reaction process.

对漆料催干剂异辛酸锰的多步合成条件进行了分析研究，提出了用既是沉淀剂又是皂化剂的氢氧化钡代替氢氧化钠，同时投料，同时反应，一步直接合成目标产品的合成路线。

The main object of this research is to investigate synthesis of Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles through electrospinning and heat-treated method The research is mainly focused on preparative parameter and the change of heat-treated temperature to form the nanoparticles inlaid in silicon fibers the shape and color change are dicussed First of all to prepare the Polyvinyl butyral and silica dioxide complex nanofiber by electrospinning and then to investigate different heat-treated temperature and reactive time to being an influence on the products The results detected by SEM XRD TEM EDS FTIR combined sol-gel process and electrospinning can prepare Polyvinyl butyral and silica complex nanofiber The experimental result is found when heat-treated temperature is 100~4750C it can produce Cu23Cl nanoparticles; Above 4750C~ 4900C it can produce Cu nanoparticles; Above 450~7000C it can produce CuO nanoparticles And the viscosity is lain between 20~40cp and the sol-gel process time is 3hr it can produce the thinner fibers The average diameter of the fibers are 107 88±21 01nm;Due to the nanoparticles inlaid in the silica fibers the thinner fibers can be inlaid the smaller nanoparticles so this is the result that the experiment is expected To calcine the complex fibers is to produce surface silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles due to surface plasma resonance it make the color of the fibers become yellowish green from light white green turn into the red nuclear finally As the experimental result to utilize sol-gel process combine electrospinning can produce porous silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles

本研究旨在探讨「利用放电纺丝和热处理法来合成Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒」之研究，实验著重在制备参数与热处理温度变化对所形成的奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中的形态与颜色变化探讨。首先，利用放电纺丝法制备出聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽之奈米纤维，比较不同的热处理温度与反应时间的改变对产物生成产生影响，进而研究不同热处理温度和时间对生成奈米粒的影响。产物经由SEM、XRD、TEM、EDS和FTIR等仪器分析结果显示，结合溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)和放电纺丝法可产生聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽复合奈米纤维。实验结果发现，若热处理温度在100~4750C下可得到Cu23Cl奈米粒，475~4900C 可得Cu奈米粒，450~7000C以上可得 CuO奈米粒。而黏度介於20~40cp间和溶胶-凝胶时间为3hr时，可产生直径比较细的纤维，纤维直径为107 88±21 01nm；且由於奈米金属颗粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中，直径比较细的纤维，可以得到比较小的奈米金属颗粒，这与实验预期相符。而锻烧此复合物产生多孔的二氧化矽纤维并包含Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米微粒时，由於表面电浆子共震关系，而使纤维颜色由淡白黄绿色变成黄绿色，再变红褐色。由实验结果得知，利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)结合放电纺丝法和不同热处理温度，可产生Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维。

The synthesis method comprises the following steps: adding 2-( 5-(dimethylamino methyl- 2- furyl methyl sulpho ethylamine and 1- methylthio- 1- methylamino- 2- nitro ethylene with a molar ratio of 1.04: 1 into water, heating to 48- 52 Deg. C, reacting 4.5 hours with a vacuum degree of 0.02- 0.05 MPa, cooling, adding sodium-hydroxide of concentration of 10% to regulate the PH value to 11.0- 11.4, filtrating and cooling the filtrate to 0- 2 Deg. C, crystallizing for 12 hours, centrifugally filtrating, and rinsing filter cake with purity water to prepare wet ranitidine alkali; dissolving ranitidine alkali in alcohol and reacting with chlorhydric acid to prepare ranitidine hydrochloride.

合成方法包括：将摩尔比为1.04∶1的2-(5-(二甲氨基甲基-2-呋喃基甲基硫代乙胺与1-甲硫基-1-甲胺基-2-硝基乙烯加入水中，升温至48-52℃，于真空度0.02～0.05MPa反应4.5小时，反应完毕降温，用10％氢氧化钠溶液调pH＝11.0-11.4，抽滤，滤液降温至0～2℃，结晶12小时，离心甩滤，用纯化水漂洗滤饼，得雷尼替丁碱湿品；将雷尼替丁碱溶于乙醇中与盐酸反应，制备得到盐酸雷尼替丁，产品符合欧洲药典标准。

The easy recovery of chiral auxiliary, good selectivity and high yield of this reaction make it a potential method in the synthesis of multifunctional optically active cyclopropane derivatives.

手性硫叶立德控制的高对映选择性合成多取代烯基环丙烷衍生物。

The Pd-supported catalyst on MCM-22 synthesized by static method shows a higher acetone conversion than that prepared by dynamic method in one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone from acetone.

在丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮反应中，静态条件下合成的MCM-22为载体的催化剂的丙酮转化率较高，这是由于该分子筛的酸量较高所致。

Also the convergence of temporal difference method is discussed. The method is put forward that Neural Network is used to implement multiaction Adaptive Heuristic Critic and Q-learning first, and then the five methods that can speed up the reinforcement learning are presented in allusion to slow learning speed of reinforcement learning system, they are quantisation of input space, local approximating neural network used to realize the reinforcement learning system, synthesis reinforcement learning algorithm, action model and prior knowledge.

针对强化学习系统学习速度较慢的问题，提出了提高强化学习速度的5种方法，即输入空间的量化方法、采用局部逼近神经网络实现强化学习系统方法、采用强化学习综合学习算法和利用动作模型及先验知识等方法，通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！