查询词典 method of difference

Derive recursive least squares method, recursive general least squares method, recursive augmented matrix method, recursive multiple-stage least squares method and recursive maximum likelihood method based on recursive Householder transformation by applying the three real-time solutions of overdetermined linear equation to difference model.

将线性矛盾方程组的三种实时解法应用于差分模型，导出了基于Househol-der变换的递推最小二乘法、递推广义最小二乘法、递推增广矩阵法、递推多级最小二乘法和递推极大似然法。

Thirdly, in order to improve the learning efficiency and stability of feedforward neural network, a fast learning algorithm for neural networks based on CGM-OC approach is presented. Compared with other learning methods such as BP method, Broyden Flecher Goldfarl Shanno method and Powell method in which the derivative is replaced by the difference quotient etc, simulation results show that the proposed method is an efficient and fast one.

第三，为了提高前馈神经网络权值的学习效率及稳定性，提出一种基于正交校正共轭梯度优化方法的神经网络学习算法，通过与其它学习算法（如：BP算法、变尺度法、用差商近似代替导数的Powell法等）的比较，经仿真试验表明，本算法是一种高效、快速的学习算法。

Namely, the first, the beginning, end and length of growing season of every type of vegetation is estimated with threshold method and moving average method, and the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation from 1982 to 1999 is fitted linearly, finally, linear trend of the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation is analyzed. The second, phenological phase in different years and zones is estimated based on greatest changes of slope method and EOF analysis method, and the result monitored by the two methods is compared, as a result, trend of growing season change from 1982 to 1999 in different latitude zones is better acquired. The third, phenological phase of vegetation in different spatial location from 1982 to 1999 is fitted based on curve. Then, spatial difference rules of growing season of every year and average of multi-year is discussed in article. In the end, lag correlation and linear regress are used to study relation between phenological phase of different types of vegetation, different latitude zones, different spatial places and climate changes.

利用阈值法和滑动平均法逐年估测了每种植被类型的生长季的开始、结束日期及长度；对18年中植被生长季的开始、结束时间和长度进行一次线性拟合，分析了植被生长季的开始、结束日期和长度的线性变化趋势；基于最大变化斜率法和EOF分析法估计了不同年份、不同区域内植被生长季的开始、结束时间及其长度，并对这两种方法的监测结果作了比较，从而得到了较好的不同纬度区域1982～1999年植被生长季的变化趋势；基于曲线拟合了1982～1999年的不同空间位置的植被物候期，然后讨论了每年和多年平均的植被生长季的空间分异规律；最后利用时滞相关分析和线性回归研究了不同类型植被的物候期与气候变化的相互关系，不同纬度带的植被物候期与气候变化的相互关系，植被物候期与气候变化空间相互关系。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

The Rayleigh method, the Ritz method, the Galerkin method, and the finite difference method are extended to solve the engenvalue problem of the plates.

把瑞雷法、李兹法、伽勒金法和有限差分法推广到了这种板的特征问题的求解。

Moreover in carrier phase difference localization application, this paper introduces the basic principles of both the integer least square method and the LAMBDA method for resolving the integer ambiguity solution. Through a short baseline example and compared with the unlimited least square method, the results show that, LAMBDA method considers the ambiguity's integer characteristic and also decorrelates ambiguity's covariance, so it meliorates the covariance field of ambiguity, avoid the covariance's discontinuity.

另外在载波相位差分定位的应用中则详细讨论研究了整周模糊度解算中的基于整数最小二乘法及其降相关平差方法解算原理，通过一个短基线的实例计算分析其定位效果表明：较于未加限制的最小二乘搜索算法，LAMBDA方法能使相应的定位精度明显提高，具有较高的应用价值。

But, ISN and IST have the obvious difference in five aspects: First, world Zhonglian and the WHO Western Pacific area is the different issue main body and the category; Next ISN and the IST connotation is different, the former is the pure Chinese medicine international standard, the latter is includes the Chinese medicine, Han Yi, the Japanese Chinese side medicine and so on traditional medicine international standard; Has again, the entry total quantity phase difference is obvious, ISN is 6500, IST is 3543 entries; Fourth, the part of speech coverage is different, ISN including more than 1000 traditional Chinese medicines, side medicinal preparation name and translator standard, but IST has not involved this domain; Fifth, still had the difference in part translation principle aspect both, ISN thought that the Pinyin is may use transliterates the method, but IST stipulated explicitly avoids using.

但是，ISN与IST在五方面有着明显区别：首先，世界中联与WHO西太区是不同的发布主体和类别；其次ISN与IST内涵不同，前者是单纯的中医国际标准，后者是包括中医、韩医、日本汉方医学等的传统医学国际标准；再有，词条总量相差明显，ISN为6500条，IST 为3543词条；第四，词类覆盖面不同，ISN包括1000多个中药、方剂名称及其翻译标准，而IST未涉及此领域；第五，在部分翻译原则方面两者尚有分歧，ISN认为汉语拼音是可使用的音译方法，而IST明确规定避免使用。

Secondly, more and more researchers have found that the change of ST segment in Electrocardiogram has close relations to the majority of the cardiovascular disease, so electrocardiogram signal pretreatment methods, including 4 point averaging filter, slide averaging filter, first difference, second difference, have been designed; With this foundation, detection method based on the second difference variable threshold to detect R wave in electrocardiogram has been designed, and heart rate has been calculated accurately.

其次，由于越来越多的研究者发现心电图中的 ST 段的变化与大多数心血管疾病都有着紧密的联系，因此，本课题设计了心电信号预处理方法，包括 4 点平均滤波、滑动平均滤波、一阶差分、二阶差分等；在此基础上，设计了基于二阶差分可变阀值检测方法来检测心电波形中的 R 波，计算出了较为准确的心率值。

In the meantime, the difference between a direct integration method and a modality superposition method in the nonlinear solution of large sized shaftings was also investigated. It can be shown that the use of a nonlinear method for solving the kinetics response of a higher dimensional rotor bearing system is both essential and feasible. With regard to the nonlinear kinetics problems of a rotor system the direct integration method is more effective than the modality superposition method. steam turbine, rotor, dynamics, nonlinearity

国内外先后采用非线性油膜力的数值积分方法对转子轴承系统的非线性动力学行为进行了一定研究，但主要集中在简单转子—轴承系统的研究上，在分析上主要采用的是简单离散方法，转子多被简化为刚性转子和Jeffcott转子模型，只能对简单转子—轴承系统的非线性动力学行为进行定性的分析，而对于象汽轮机组轴系这样的高

Analysis indicates that there is little difference in the displacement of tunnel and well control of stratum displacement by both methods. Plastic zone develops more obviously above the tunnel side by CRD method and is larger by CRD method than by dual sidewall guide pit method. It is comparatively obvious that the plasticity district develops in the side direction of the tunnel by dual sidewall guide pit method and the leading influence distance is also longer than that by CRD method. The development speed of plasticity district is comparatively fast in the range of the leading 3~6 m in CRD tunnel and 0~3 m in sidewall guide pit tunnel. There are different advantages by both methods for passing through sand layer.

结果表明，采用这2种工法时引起的隧道变形相差不是很大，都能较好地控制地层的变形；采用CRD法时产生的塑性区较双侧壁法大，且向隧道侧上方发展较为明显；采用双侧壁法时产生的塑性区在隧道侧向发展较为明显，超前影响的距离也大于CRD法；采用CRD法时的塑性区在超前3~6m的范围内发展速度较快；采用双侧壁法时的塑性区在超前0~3 m的范围内发展速度较快；对于隧道穿越砂层而言，2种工法各有优势。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。