查询词典 method of difference

This thesis contributed to the comprehensive study of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method and its application to the numerical computation of radiated electromagnetic fields in switched mode power supplies. The work includes mainly three parts: the study on the performance of PML absorbing boundary condition applied to pseudo low frequency electromagnetic problems; the validation of the FDTD method with PML absorbing boundary conditions and the corresponding computer software based on the numerical study of the electromagnetic field of an electric dipole antenna, and its application to the numerical computation of radiated electromagnetic fields in switched mode power supplies; the development of an improved alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain method.

在综合前人工作基础上，本文对时域有限差分法及其在开关电源辐射电磁场数值计算中的应用进行了系统的分析和研究，其核心内容包括：伪低频电磁场数值计算中PML吸收边界条件性能的研究；基于基准问题—电偶极子天线三维辐射电磁场，验证了本文构造的基于PML吸收边界条件的三维FDTD法及其计算软件，并应用于高频开关电源辐射电磁场的数值分析；提出了一种改进的交替方向隐格式时域有限差分法。

The main content of the study includes: the policy variables are classified into two types, which are continuous policy variable and discrete policy variable, and the two variable is analyzed respectively; as to the continuous policy variable, use reasonable weighting to synthesize comprehensive policy indicator to reflect the comprehensiveness of each main policy indicator; undertake regression analysis for the comprehensive policy indicator, economic and stock market variable and get the effect of all kinds of comprehensive policy indictor variables on the economy and stock market; undertake regression analysis for data on the economic indicator and the data on the stock market and get the relationship between the economy and the stock market; use event research method to analyze its effect on the stock market and get some corresponding conclusions; structure the differential or difference equation groups on the interactive relationship among the variable economy, stock market and policy and do the difference operation and constitute simultaneous equation with the original main variables one after another; use quantitative regression method and solve the coefficient of the simultaneous equation to predict the operating tendency.

本研究主要内容包括：将政策变量划分为连续性政策变量和离散政策变量两个类型，并分别进行分析；对于连续性政策变量，采取合理的权重来合成政策综合指标，反映各主要政策指标的综合力度大小；将各政策综合指标与经济、股市变量进行回归分析，获得各类政策综合指标变量对经济、股市影响程度的大小；将经济指标数据与股市数据进行回归分析，获得经济与股市之间关系的大小；采取事件研究方法来分析其对股市的影响程度；构建关于经济、股市与政策各主要变量之间互动关系的微分或差分方程组，进行差分运算，并以此与原来各主要变量组成联立方程；运用计量回归方法，求出联立方程系数用于预测。

We compare the difference of two-stream DISORT method and Eddington method from simple layer to a realistic atmospheric profile. First, we compare the difference in simple layer.

分别比较了二流离散纵标法和Eddington 近似在单层和实际大气中的差异。

Within this context, four specific areas are addressed:(1) By means of finite integration technique, a new kind of the first order partial difference equation is derived from the original disperse transmission line equation of the uniform waveguide's. As it is the kind of one dimension Dirichlet's boundary problem, it is convenient for us to solve this equation from the leapfrog scheme. Because computation is carried out in one dimension, both high calculation efficiency and precision have been obtained in this method. Meanwhile, this method provide us a different selection to simulate the transient response of waveguide with non-simplical, for examples cylinder and elliptic waveguide, and avoid solving the second order equation, or using finite difference time domain to simulate a three dimension problem, sometimes the latter precision is not satisfied with the need, or low efficiency.

在这一研究内容下，主要研究四个方面的问题：(1)在完成金属波导传输线方程时域形式的基础之上，应用有限积分技术，把波导特征模式的色散传输线方程，化简为一组新的一阶偏微分方程组，该边值问题属一维Dirichlet边值问题，从而便于用蛙跳格式求解，由于是在一维中计算，该方法具有很高计算效率和精度，从而避免了以往为得到金属波导中特征模的时域响应特性，须要求解二阶方程，或用时域有限差分方法求解三维问题的方法，对于后者来说，计算有时是不准确的，或是很耗时的例如计算诸如圆波导、椭圆波导等其它复杂形状的波导。

There are many ways to analysis and computation of Mikthw's two rotations equation,finite difference method is the most one while using the finite difference method,a flood of data need be collected and computed.

而在目前高性能计算机系统中，最广泛使用的并行环境是MPI(Message Pass-ing Interface)，它已成为一种并行程序的标准。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

A method using a tiny thermistor as heat transfer model was developed to measure thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity) of three standand samples(ethanol, ethylene alcohol, solution of calcium chloride). Results showed that there was no significant difference between measurement and recommendation; results of thermal conductivity from thermistor method and heat probe method for carrot and potato samples showed no significant difference; results of thermal diffusivity between thermistor method and calculation for carrot and potato samples showed no significant difference.

在分析微珠状热敏电阻传热模型的基础上，在室温对标准样品（乙二醇、乙醇、氯化钙的水溶液）的热物性进行测定，结果显示，导热系数及热扩散系数的测量值与推荐值之间无显著性差异（p＞0.05）；热敏电阻法与热探针法对比测定胡萝卜及马铃薯两种农产品的导热系数，结果显示两种方法之间无显著性差异（p＞0.05）；热敏电阻法与常规计算对比测定胡萝卜及马铃薯两种农产品的热扩散系数，结果显示两种方法之间无显著性差异（p＞0.05）。

Applying this method, Interpolation Method and Comprehensive Trophic Level Index Method to evaluate eutrophication of Chaohu Lake, the results showed that there was significant difference between this method and Interpolation Scoring Method, and the most significant difference between this method and Comprehensive Trophic Level Index Method.

该方法对巢湖富营养化的综合评价结果与插值评分法有显著差异，与综合营养状态指数法有极显著差异。

In the dissertation, a new stabilization method, equal-density method was adopted to prepare modified asphalts with storage stability at high temperature. In this method, a compound was prepared by premixing polymer and filler, and the compound was mixed with asphalt to prepare Polymer-Modified Asphalt by changing the ratio of polymer and filler. The asphalts with good storage stability were formed with the addition of filler, by regulating the density difference between polymer and asphalt. With identifying the effect of composition factor and the technique conditions on mechanical properties of polymer/filler compound and the molecular distribution of the polymer, identifying the effect of composition factor and the technique conditions on the properties and structure of polymer/filler modified asphalt, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene copolymer, Low Density PolyEthylene, Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene block copolymer modified asphalts with good storage stability and performance were prepared. Rheological method, gel content analysis and swelling measurement were adopted to elucidate the interaction between the polymer and filler. Filler reduced the difference between the polymer and asphalt with the premixing technique, which led to the improvement of the storage stability of the modified asphalts. The thermo-oxidative aging process of base asphalt and PMA were studied and the effect of antioxidant additives on the base asphalt and PMA were analyzed.

本论文采用等密度方法，即预先混合聚合物与填料制备复合物，复合物在沥青中会吸收油份而溶胀，改变填料的用量从而调节聚合物与沥青的密度差异的方法，制备出高温贮存稳定的改性沥青，并研究了工艺条件和配方因素对聚合物/填料复合物力学和聚合物分子量分布的影响，系统考察了工艺条件和配方因素对聚合物/填料改性沥青性能与形态结构的影响，研制出性能优良、高温贮存稳定的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物、氢化SBS、低密度聚乙烯改性沥青，并通过流变学分析方法及凝胶和溶胀测试探讨了聚合物与填料的相互作用，指出经过预混工艺填料改变了聚合物与沥青的密度差异，以此说明聚合物/填料改性沥青高温贮存稳定的原因；研究了基质沥青和聚合物改性沥青热氧老化过程，并分析了抗氧剂对基质沥青及聚合物改性沥青的影响，探讨了抗氧剂提高沥青耐老化性能的原因。

For the emission bands which have difference from the theoretical values or some reports,we first illustrate the shifts,broad and splittings of emission bands by the method of comparing and analyzing the relationship between the absorption spectra and the emission spectra,as well as the connection between the structure and the spectra.

特别是对一些与理论值和文献报道值有差异的发光谱带，是我们首次采用将化合物的电子吸收光谱与发射光谱相关联的理论方法进行对比和解析，同时又将化合物结构与光谱相关联，来解释所产生的发射谱带的位移、加宽和劈裂现象。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。