查询词典 metaphorical

This chapter starts with the determination of primary sense of under. Then it focuses on how its spatial senses are extended from the central image schema to its transformations by metonymy. Next, this part also focuses on how its metaphorical senses are extended in terms of the central image schema and transformations by metaphor. In these analyses, this thesis summarizes four kinds of relations: the relation of UP-DOWN, the relation of HIGH-LOW, COVERING relation or the relation of IN-OUT and the relation of SOURCE-PATH-GOAL. Lots of metaphorical senses of under are derived from these basic spatial relations. In this thesis, the relations between the senses derived from central image schema and those derived from its transformations are explored at length. The relations between the spatial senses derived from central image schema and transformations and the metaphorical senses derived from them are also explored at length. The above analyses demonstrate that the sense extension of the spatial preposition is motivated by image schema, which also provides the root for metonymic and metaphorical extension. The semantic network of under is diagramed finally.

论文首先确定了under的首要意义；然后集中探讨了它的空间意义如何从中心意象图式，通过转喻形成许多变体，从而得以延伸；接着分析了它的隐喻意义如何从中心意象图式及其变体通过隐喻而得以延伸，在此分析中，本论文总结了四种关系：上—下关系﹑高—低关系﹑覆盖关系或里—外关系和起点—路径—目标关系，under的很多隐喻意义源于这些基本的空间关系；本论文还对源于中心意象图式的空间意义与源于其变体的空间意义的关系进行了详细的剖析；对源于中心意象图式与其变体的空间意义及其延伸的隐喻意义之间的关系，也同样进行了详细的剖析；通过分析论证了，意象图式是空间介词义项扩展的源泉，同时也为转喻和隐喻提供了基础；最后得出under的语义网络。

For example, it is the metaphor GOOD IS UP that makes "good" plus "up" form top-grade, the metaphor BAD IS DOWN that makes "low" plus "bad" form inferior.4. Based on the weakness of Lakoffian conceptual theory in interpreting spatial metaphors, we propose an interpreting means-metaphorical force, which is much easier to make clear how metaphors are formed between two domains.Based on Lakoffian conceptual metaphor theory and through analyzing Chinese spatial metaphors and their metaphorical extensions, we put forward with an interpreting method-metaphorical force. By applying the interpreting means to analyze Chinese spatial terms used in temporal representations as well as in Chinese appellations, we conclude that such interpreting method is a persuadable explaining theory and an able analyzing method to describe working mechanism of metaphor.

针对Lakoff方位概念隐喻理论在解释汉语方位隐喻的不足，我们通过对汉语方位概念隐喻拓展的具体分析，提出方位隐喻力这一解释概念，同时运用Antu6ano特征选择理论和Boers变化参数理论分析了影响隐喻力大小的因素，从而为准确描述汉语方位隐喻工作的内部机制，得出一种更为有说服力的解释理论和切实可行的分析方法。

On the other hand grammatical metaphorical actualization of meaning potentials in news reporting is intimately relevant to the situational and linguistic contexts, and such a grammatical metaphorical alternative as opposed to its agnate counterparts is actually a consequence of choice in three metafunctional systems.

本文所采用的系统认知模式强调新闻报导中语法隐喻的动态特征，因为任何语篇的构建和解读都是实时的认知处理和词汇语法层选择的结果，而选择的过程无疑是一个动态过程。

It shows the alienation situation and feelings of "individual/sons". The last part is about the reason for forming the metaphorical theme of "fathers and sons" in Saul Bellow"s novels. The metaphorical theme is not only connected with Bellow"s complex of "fathers and sons" and dual culture identity, but also is a shift from the diachronic motif, which has profound culture connotation.

第四部分分析了索尔·贝娄小说中隐喻的"父与子"主题的形成原因，这一隐喻性主题不仅与其自身的"父子情结"和双重的文化身J＼硕士学位论文物一少 WST队'S Tmm份存在着密不可分的关系，"父与子"主题也是对犹太文学中"父与子"这一历时性母题的移位运用，具有深刻的文化内涵。

As an important component of metaphorical structure and a significant complement to the function of the vehicle in meaning construction of a metaphor, metaphorical extension is an indispensable part of the study of hypothetic vehicles.

本文从性质和语言结构两方面对假设性喻体和隐喻延展进行细致分类，阐示不同分类中隐喻意义传递的方式和特点。

The research results lend support to Ullmann's hypothesis that synaesthetic metaphors are not arbitrary, but tend to mount from the lower to the higher reaches of the sensorium, or from the less differentiated sensations to the more differentiated ones. This"upward"tendency of synaesthetic transfer can be accounted for by the general tendency of metaphorical transfer indicated by Lakoff and Johnson, that is, in a metaphorical transfer, it's more likely for a less complicated concept to be mapped onto a more complicated one, but not vice versa.

研究结果支持Ullmann所提出的假设，即多数通感隐喻遵循从低级感官向高级感官迁移的规律，这与Lakoff和Johnson的隐喻理论所提出的隐喻的普遍映射方向(从简单认知域到复杂认知域)是一致的。

In this article, the author analyzes metaphor and metonymy comparatively and points out their respective roles in the semantic extension of a word: Metaphorical thinking and metonymical thinking are two important processes leading to semantic extension, but metaphorical thinking is more important in this respect.

本文通过对比研究，指出隐喻和转喻在词义延伸中所起的作用：隐喻和转喻思维使词义延伸成为可能，而隐喻思维在词义延伸中所起的作用更大。

Metaphorical cognition is affected by quite a few factors which may be divided into agentive factors and contextual factors.

隐喻认知受到诸多语境因素的影响，这些因素可分为主体因素和客体因素。

It is firmly believed by the author that agentive factors play a dominant and decisive role in linguistic cognition because the agent can only understand the underlined meaning of a metaphor which is of course different from the literal meaning on the surface when he/she has the capability of metaphorical cognition.

笔者认为，主体因素在语言认知中起着主导和决定作用，因为认知主体只有具备隐喻认知能力，他/她才能理解隐含在字面意义以外的隐喻意义。

It puts forward the concept "metaphorical sentences" with a definition and proves that metaphor is realized through personification , animalization, plantification, hypostatization and alienation.

首先提出"隐喻句"的概念，对"隐喻句"进行比较明确的界定，进而探讨"隐喻句"的生成机制，说明"隐喻句"是思维隐喻在语言隐喻中的体现，是拟人化、拟动物化、拟植物化、拟物化和异化的结果。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。