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In this paper, we summarize relevant studies on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and mechanical modeling of nacre. Problems in the study of nacre are pointed out and discussed briefly.

本文从珍珠母的微结构、实验研究以及力学模型3个方面对珍珠母的研究现状进行了概述，并指出目前研究中一些仍待解决的关键问题。

Two application methods of Lagrangian equation and bond graphs in the dynam-ics of electro-mechanical systems are discussed with stress laid on the AFS methodsuch that:1.the relation between the non-conservative generalized force(orgeneralized electromotive force)E_i and bond graph is clearly illustrated and 2.theimproved method for calculating the generalized force(or generalized electromotiveforce)E_i for the electro-mechanical system is presented.

本文首先讨论并对比了拉氏方程与键图在机电系统动力学上应用的两种不同形式。并提出了：①关于运用 AFS 形式时非保守广义力 E_i 与键图间的关系；②机电综合系统中计算广义力E_的改进方法。

Resistance pure water system, 3-waste treatment system, and shock-proof working-table, and about 80 sets of micro-electrical-mechanical technical equipment are installed, including AMS200 ICP plasma etching system, ICP-2B etching machine, AWB04 bonding machine, MA6/BA6 Karlsus double-face photolithography machine/bonding machine, POLI-400 chemical-mechanical-polishing tool, WL2040 aluminum-wire press welder, OPTI CAOT 22i decktop precision spin coasting system, ZSH406 automatic dicing saw system, DQ-500 plasma photoresist-removing machine, HXS150S automatic centrifugal spinner, AXTRON MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposit system, 4470 micro-control 4-tube diffusing furnace, type 4371 LPCVD low pressure chemical vapor deposit system, OMICRON MBE molecular beam epitaxy system, JS-3X100B magnet-control spattering equipment, PECVD-2E plasma deposit apparatus, ZZSX500C electron-beam vapor equipment, JC500-3/D magnet-control spattering-coating machine, H63-14/ZM quartz-tube cleaning machine. Measurement instruments include OLS1100 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, DEKTAKIII Surface Profiler, D41-11A/ZN 4-probe resistance test instrument, Nikon L150 metallurgical microscope, and so on.

中心现有80多台各种微机电工艺设备，如AMS 200深硅等离子体刻蚀系统、ICP-2B刻蚀机、AWB04键合机、MA6/BA6 Karlsuss双面光刻机和键合机、POLI-400化学机械抛光机、WL2040铝丝压焊机、OPTI CAOT 22i喷涂胶机系统、ZSH406全自动划片机、DQ-500等离子去胶机、全自动清洗甩干机、AXTRON MOCVD金属有机物化学气相沉积系统、4470微控四管扩散炉、4371LPCVD低压化学沉积系统、OMICRON分子束外延系统、JS-3X100B磁控溅射台、PECVD-2E等离子淀积台、ZZSX500C电子束蒸发台、JC500-3/D磁控溅射镀膜机、石英管清洗机，以及多种常用测试仪器，如OLS1100激光共聚焦显微镜、DEKTAK-III台阶测量仪、D41-11A/ZN四探针电阻测试仪、Nikon L150金相显微镜等。

Base on the problem of large quantity fatigue loads on corroded R.C. structure and small quantity study of its mechanical property, bending resistance fatigue test of corroded R.C. beams is discussed in this paper. The influence of stress ratio and re-bar weight loss ratio on bending resistance fatigue performance of corroded R.C. beams are researched, and the relation between strains of corroded re-bars and fatigue life of beams are obtained. The main research contents and conclusions are as following: 1. Under the fatigue loads, the overstrain of concrete approximately coincidences three stages strain development and accumulation rule, and the mechanical property of concrete is deteriorated. The fatigue damage of concrete is accumulated. The overstrain of re-bars increases and the increase rate decreases.

鉴于实际工程中大量存在腐蚀钢筋混凝土结构承受反复荷载作用，但其力学性能研究不多的问题，本论文进行了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯疲劳试验，研究了应力比和钢筋锈蚀率对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯疲劳性能的影响，得出了锈蚀钢筋的应变与构件疲劳寿命之间的关系曲线，主要研究内容及结论如下：(1)在循环荷载下，混凝土残余变形基本符合三阶段变形规律，力学性能劣化，疲劳损伤积累。

The mechanical power of falling water is an age-old tool .of all the renewable energy sources that generate electricity ,hydropower is the most often used .it is one of the oldest sources of energy and was used thousands of years ago to turn a paddle wheel for purposes such as grinding grain .in the 1700's ,mechanical hydropower was used extensively for milling and pumping .

减少水的机械动力，是一个古老的工具，所有的可再生能源。是发电，水电是最常用的。它是最古老的能源来源之一，是用几千年前把桨车轮的用途，例如磨粒在1700年，机械水力发电。被大量用于加工和抽水。

By using the basic method of virtual design and motion simulation of mechanical system based on Solid Works, virtual design of the robot of excavating tree stump was completed by synthetically using parametric and variable modeling technology and top-down design method. In case of the carrier was changed, the COSMOSMotion2006 was used to perform the motion simulation and optimized the parameter of the interface and the mechanical arm, by this way the useable of the new frameworks was confirmed, and in favor of reduce the exploiting cycle and exploiting cost.

通过使用SolidWorks软件的机械系统虚拟设计和运动仿真的基本方法，综合运用SolidWorks的参数化、变量化建模技术以及自上向下的设计思路，完成伐根清理机器人及其行走底盘的虚拟建模，并对由于行走底盘的改变而重新设计的接口和机械臂采用最新的COSMOSMotion2006软件进行了运动仿真和参数优化，以确定其机构可用性，有利于缩短产品的开发周期和减少开发费用。

Excessive grinding or abrasion of this product may create airbome dust and fober concentrations in excess of state and Federal OSHA permissible exposure limits.if employee exposures exceed these PELs,local exhanst ventilation or other mechanical ventilation systems may be required to reduce such exposures to concentrations below the PELs.if mechanical exhaust ventilation is necessary,exhaust air should be appropriately filtered or otherwise controlled to meet local ,state and Federal air pollution and air quality laws and standards

磨削过度磨损或这种产品可能造成机载尘fober浓度超过州政府和联邦政府1921年允许暴露限定。如果雇员暴露超过这些研究生，局部排气通风或其他机械通风系统，可要求减少这种暴露浓度低于该PELs。如果机械排风是必要的，排风应适当过滤或以其他方式控制，以符合当地，州和联邦空气污染和空气质量法规和标准

The invention provides a system used for recycling urban automobile-washing water, which is a system formed by organic combination of a pretreatment unit, a mechanical treatment unit and a control unit, wherein, the pretreatment unit comprises a fence and a sedimentation tank, and chemical treatment; the fence is arranged on an inlet of the sedimentation tank; the mechanical treatment unit adopts a centrifuge and is arranged on an outlet of the sedimentation tank; and the control unit comprises a peripheral circuit, a singlechip and a variable-frequency motor.

本发明提供的城市洗车用水循环利用系统，是由预处理、机械处理和控制单元的有机组合来的系统，其中：预处理单元包括栅栏以及沉淀池和化学处理，栅栏设置在沉淀池的入口处；机械处理单元采用离心机，它设置在沉淀池的出口处；控制单元包括外围电路、单片机和变频电机。

The mechanical properties,micromorpholgy microstructure of grain boundary and phase composition of Al_2O_3 composite ceramics were systematically studied ,the effect of additives,the relationship between microstructure and mechanical strength,the sintering mechanism of the material and influence factors of the structure and properties of Al_2O_3 composite ceramics were discussed respectively.

系统研究了氧化铝陶瓷的力学性能、微观形貌、晶界显微结构，并讨论了各添加组分的作用、材料显微结构与力学性能的关系以及材料的烧结机理和影响材料结构与性能的影响因素。

In 1884, German engineer Nipkow the use of selenium photocell invented a mechanical scanning device that was early in the television system has been applied to the mechanical scanning system in 1939 be eliminated.

1884年，德国工程师尼普科夫利用硒光电池发明了一种机械扫描装置，这种装置在后来的早期电视系统中得到了应用，到1939年机械扫描系统被淘汰。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。