查询词典 mean curvature

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Leaves mean that he has a lot to say, roots mean that he misses her a lot, matches mean he is firm in it, capsuicum mean that he loves much and garlics mean that he hope the girl will be agree.

树叶表示有很多心里话要说，树根表示思念不已，火柴喻态度坚决，辣椒喻爱得炽热，大蒜则希望同意。

In this period of time, the mean annual air/ground temperature, mean annual maximum and minimum air/ground temperature, extreme maximum and minimum air/ground temperature, difference between ground-and air temperature, and annual accumulated temperature in the area all had an increasing trend, and the increase of mean annual air temperature, mean annual ground temperature, difference between ground-and air temperature, mean annual minimum air temperature, extreme maximum ground temperature, and extreme minimum ground temperature was more obvious, being 0.32℃, 0.59℃, 0.27℃, 0.39℃, 2.03℃, 1.62℃ per 10 years, respectively.

结果表明：26年来，林区热因子（平均气温、平均地温、平均最高／最低气温、平均最高／最低地温、极端最高／最低气温、极端最高／最低地温、地气温差、年积温）均呈上升趋势，其中平均气温、平均地温、地气温差、平均最低气温和极端最高／最低地温升高趋势明显，每10年分别增加0.32℃、0.59℃、0.27℃、0.39℃、2.03℃、1.62℃，最低温度的升高趋势都大于最高温度的增长速率，说明尖峰岭热带山地雨林区气候变暖来自于最低温度升高的贡献。

And the induced normal curvature along the normal of contact line between the worm and the planet is obtained. The algebraic expression of the induced normal curvature at the top point of the ball-tooth is given.

另外，对行星轮与环面蜗杆沿接触线法线方向的诱导法曲率进行了求解和分析，给出了诱导法曲率在球齿齿面顶点时的代数式显式表达。

On the basis of OCM, segmentation based on curvature radium is presented in the paper, in which curvature radium is calculated using parametric-surface fitting, and detecting edge points is realized from orthogonal direction, which ensure the integrality of edge points. Since the data is organized by cross-line in OCM, a new arithmetic, Double-direction Angle Difference arithmetic, is brought forward, which can pick up edge points more quickly.

物体的表面一般由多个曲面相交组成，要建立完整的几何模型，需要对测量数据进行区域分割——区分不同曲面的数据，现有的区域分割大多是对单视图的图像式测量数据进行的，但完整的CAD模型需要联合多个视图产生，本文在上面提出的三维正交模型的基础上，提出了三种区域分割方法：第一种方法是基于曲率半径的数据分区方法，通过二次参数曲面拟合计算局部曲率半径，从正交的多个方向进行检测，保证了边点提取的完整性。

Methods(1)4 cities were chosen randomly according to their economic status and geographical location.(2)An autorefractor was used to detect the diopter in the preschool children from 20 kindergartens randomly selected from each of the 4 cities.(3)1%atropine ointment was applied to the c onjunctival sac of the children with suspect myopia for 3 days and the refractio n of light in their retina was then examined by a barred beam skiascope.(4)The eye axis and corneal curvature of the myopic children were measured.(5)The diop ter,eye axis,and corneal curvature were examined every 6 months during 1-year f ollow-up after the diopter was properly rectified.

(1)依经济状况和地理位置按随机原则抽取4市县；(2)从4市县中各随机选择20间幼儿园，对所抽取的在园学龄前儿童用自动屈光仪进行屈光筛查；(3)可疑近视患者予以1%阿托品眼膏涂双眼3d，由专人用带状检影镜进行视网膜检影验光；(4)确诊为近视的患者自愿进行角膜曲率和眼轴测量；(5)近视患者经适当的屈光矫正后，按要求进行为期1年的前瞻性随访，每半年进行1次屈光状态、角膜曲率和眼轴的检测。

Hausdorff convergence; almost nonnegative Ricci curvature; Betti number; harmonic 1-form; nilpotency; splitting theorem; positive sectional curvature; gradient curve

基础科学，数学，几何、拓扑Hausdorff收敛；几乎非负Ricci曲率；贝蒂数；调和1-形式；幂零指标；分裂定理；正截面曲率；梯度曲线

Curve C at the spot P(x0, y0) curvature is the maximal circle of the curve C tangency at the spot P(x0, y0). Contrail curve G of the center D of curvature circle entitles evolute of curve C.

曲线C在点Px0，y0）曲率圆是与该曲线C相切于点P(x0，y0的最大圆，曲率圆的圆心D的轨迹曲线G称为曲线C的渐屈线。

Curvature is 100 feet long curve corresponding to the central angle, curvature and inversely proportional to the radius.

驾驶员所能看到的前方行车道上最大距离称为视距。

First, a special normal transversal at the initial point is constructed and a second-order Taylor's algorithm is used to trace the projections along the aforementioned normal transversal. A curvature based method for controlling iteration step is further proposed by projecting the given point onto the curvature circle of the normal transversal at the initial point. Finally gradient based method for correcting iteration errors is put forward.

首先构造初始点处的一条特殊的法截线，并给出沿着该法截线追踪投影点的二阶泰勒迭代方法；然后将给定点向初始点处的法截线的曲率圆作投影，提出基于曲率的步长控制策略，在此基础上给出了基于梯度的迭代误差矫正方法。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。