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The present invention relates to a method for heuristically starting up DC brushless servo electric machine, including the following steps of (1) after powerup of an increment type photoelectric encoder, electrifying a stator winding two by two with identical time interval to generate six-directional stator winding resultant magnetic fields;(2) detecting six different angles rotated by the rotor within identical tiny time interval by the photoelectric encoder;(3) selecting most positive value rotation angle from the six different angles, and determining maximum torque corresponding to the stator winding resultant magnetic field, and implementing servo startup using the maximum torque as constant starting torque;(4) after the zero-point signal of the photoelectric encoder occurring, switching to servo operation with normal constant torsion.

本发明直流无刷伺服电机试探启动方法，采用如下步骤：(1)增量式光电编码器上电后对定子绕组采用相同的时间间隔两两通电，顺序产生六个方向的定子绕组合成磁场；(2)由增量式光电编码器检测出转子在相同的微小时间间隔内分别转过的六个不同的角度；(3)从转子六个不同的角度中选出最大正值的转角，确定相应定子绕组合成磁场对应的最大转矩，并以该最大转矩为恒定启动转矩进行伺服启动；(4)当增量式光电编码器零点信号出现后，切换为正常恒转矩伺服运行。

The information along3 D maximum shear stress tracing line is completely ascertained with the method of parameter transformation, then the changing rule of the normal stress along3 D maximum shear stress tracing line is discussed based on cobevel method.

利用坐标变换法证明了一般三维塑性流动问题任意点应力状态，可以完全由三维最大剪应力迹线上的信息确定，进而利用共斜面法给出了三维塑性流动问题沿最大剪应力迹线正应力的变化规律。

of transitive closure based on equivalence relation, method of maximum fuzzy spanning tree based on fuzzy graph, and algorithm Fuzzy C-Means based on partition are more deeply investigated. Respectively, this thesis proposes an algorithm for document fuzzy clustering based on methed of transitive closure and an algorithm for document fuzzy clustering based on methed of maximum fuzzy spanning tree. Moreover, FCM is particularly studied from data standardization method, metrics method, and selection method of initial clustering prototype.

较深入地讨论了基于等价关系的传递闭包法、基于模糊图论的最大树法以及基于划分的模糊C-均值算法，分别提出了基于传递闭包法的文本模糊聚类方法ATCFC和基于最大树法的文本模糊聚类方法ATCMT；重点从改变规格化方式、改变度量方式、改变初始聚类原型选择方式三方面对FCM算法进行研究。

Based on the analysis of finished auto's loading/unloading process of AnJi-TNT Logistics, propose the maximum transportation capacity optimization of every Car-carrier loading with different goods-cars. Construct the scheme database of optimization for Car-carriers'loading in SQL-server 2000 database software. The optimization toward loading orders in customization is resolved with maximum transportation's capacity algorithm and matching scale method with Visual Basic background.

本文结合安吉天地汽车物流有限公司整车物流调度系统的配载流程进行分析，通过整数规划计算出每辆轿运车针对不同商品车的最大运能配载方案，在SQL-Server数据库平台下，对这些最大运能配载方案按一定规则保存并进行数据库的管理，最后利用事例推理在Visual Basic开发环境下提供面向客户混装订单的轿运车配载方案优化的解决方案，并进行了实例验证。

The mean, maximum and minimum value of the area of transverse section and the major axis length of ellipse and the maximum centroid displacement can be used to discriminate width of pulse tracing.

长轴长度周期平均值、最大值、最小值，面积周期平均值、最大值、最小值，以及轴心在平行于皮肤表面的最大位移等参数可以作为初步判别脉宽的参数。

Experimental spectra and calculated spectra agree well. The absorption maximum at around 520 nm is corresponding to the transverse surface plasmon resonance, while the absorption maximum at longer wavelength is corresponding to the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance.

计算谱和实验谱基本符合，520 nm左右处的吸收峰对应于金纳米棒的横向表面等离体子共振，长波长处的吸收峰对应于金纳米棒的纵向表面等离体子共振。

In this paper, the maximum likelihood algorithm with process and measurement noise for nonlinear continuous-discrete system given by Jategaonkar and Plaetschke is improved in two aspects: 1 to avoid the disadvantages of sensitivities computation by common finite-difference method, in which the perturbation sizes should be selected optionally, an improved finite-difference method with best perturbations, is presented. 2 to improve the numerical stability of Jategaonkar's algorithm, maximum likelihood algorithm with fast triangular square-root decomposition filter is given.

摘要对Jategaonkar等人给出的同时计及过程及观测噪声的非线性连续-离散系统的极大似然算法从两个方面进行了改进：1给出了计算灵敏度的最佳摄动有限差分算法，避免了普通有限差分法计算灵敏度矩阵时需人为选择参数摄动量大小而带来的缺点；2给出了具有快速三角化平方根滤波的极大似然算法，提高了原算法的数值稳定性。

The fatigue test of CFRP bars was carried out at the different cyclic stress, choose the 70% ultimate tensile stress of CFRP bar as the maximum cyclic stress, under the cyclic ratios of R=0.5 （the minimum-to-maximum stress ratio） and R=0 and the fatigue behavior of CFRP bars was investigated.

进行了不同循环应力下CFRP筋的常温疲劳试验，选取CFRP筋70％的极限拉伸应力作为最大循环应力，在R=0.5（最小循环应力与最大循环应力的比）和R=0的应力率下，测量了CFRP筋的疲劳寿命曲线，研究了CFRP筋的疲劳性能。

The results showed the maximum cyclic stress of CFRP bar should be under 70 percent of ultimate tensile stress; when the maximum cyclic stress decrease 5 percent of ultimate tensile stress, the fatigue life of CFRP bars increase generally 10 times; with the decrease of cyclic ratios, the fatigue life of CFRP bars decrease heavily; for the brittleness, CFRP bar should possess a higher reserve of strength, the margin of safety against failure is a necessity; according to experimental cyclic stress-fatigue life curve, the fatigue behavior of CFRP bar is much better than the fatigue behavior of Q235 steel.

将纤维复合材料用于土木工程结构的研究成果，已应用于实际工程【2j_国外对CFRP筋的一些短期性能以及CFRP筋构件的粘结性能、CFRP加筋混凝土结构的抗弯性能等都做了大量的研究，但对其长国家自然科学基金50278029，50538020和交通部西部交通科技200l431882021资助项目。2OO6年2月13日收到初稿；2006年9月4日收到修改稿。本文联系人：欧进萍，院士期性能如疲劳性能的研究还不够

D1.1 of the AISI Specification limits the maximum longitudinal spacing of connections to ... where smax = maximum permissible longitudinal spacing of connectors L= unbraced length of compression member rI = radius of gyration of I-section about the axis perpendicular to the direction in which buckling would occur for the given conditions of end support and intermediate bracing rcy = radius of gyration of one C-section about its centroidal axis parallel to the web.....

因此，AISI规范第D1.1节限定连接的最大纵向间隙为：，式中 smax =连接体允许的最大纵向间隙 L=抗压构件的自由长度 rI =工字钢对垂直于给定端承和中间肋条件下可能产生纵向弯曲方向的轴的回转半径 rcy =一段U型钢对其平行于筋的质心轴的回转半径。。。。。。。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。