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First, by the composition theorem of acceleration of influence move, strict mechanical analysis and accurate mathematical computations, we have acquired the presentation formula of acceleration of the movable mass of the gyroscope rotating in a constant angular velocity in an inertia coordinate system.

利用牵连运动的加速度合成定理，通过严格的力学分析和严密的数学演算首先得到其活动质量当陀螺仪在惯性坐标系中作定常角速度转动时的加速度表达式。

In the beginning stage of the transient process in the system regulating, owing to that the time constant of the integration element is the greatest, the control effect of PID is inconspicuous, the main control action is the fuzzy control the practical control of the system is independent of the mathematical model of the object, a preferable control effect could be achieved for different kinds of systems.

在开始阶段的过渡过程中的制度规范，由于该时间常数的一体化因素是最大的，控制效果的PID是不显眼的，主要的控制作用是模糊控制的实际控制系统独立的数学模型的对象，最好的控制效果可以实现不同类型的系统。

Based upon all above-mentioned, a mathematical representation for multi-material structures is proposed by means of vector level sets, and the general structure topology optimization can be expressed by a constrained functional minimization problem of a set of level set functions.

同时，还提出了在有效约束切空间上构造的非线性映射技术，以改进向量水平集的演化方向，可提高计算效率2到3倍。

Using level-set method, mathematical representation for contimuum structures is proposed by means of the vector of level-set, and the general structure topology optimization can be expressed by a constrained functional minimization problem of a set of level set functions.

其次利用水平集方法将一般拓扑优化问题描述为一组水平集函数的约束泛函极小化问题，应用敏度分析，给出了此泛函极小化数值迭代求解公式，即水平集演化方程。

In this paper, we focused on the Thermal Power Generator unit commitment optimization. A mathematical model is presented and consuming minimization of generator is chosen for its objective function, with the power balance, generation capacity limits, maximum allowable start and stop times limits and time limits taken into consideration. The unit commitment optimization is constrained minimization problem.

本文主要对火电机组优化组合问题进行了研究，提出了机组优化组合的数学模型，该模型以发电总成本最小为目标函数，同时考虑了功率平衡约束、机组输出功率上、下限约束，机组最大允许启停次数和时间约束等约束条件。

Constrained optimization problems are mathematical programming problems frequently encountered in the disciplines of science and engineering application.

约束优化问题是科学和工程应用领域经常会遇到的一类数学规划问题。

Translation; mathematical commentary; methods of Diophantus; general methods of resolution; constructible problems

基础科学，数学，数学概论翻译；评注；丢番图的方法；解法的一般性；可构成性问题

Study on thought of constructivism is very significance to guidance of mathematical teaching in secondary school.

研究建构主义思想对中学数学教学的指导是非常有意义的。

In this paper, with the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamic separation theory, a mathematical model of nonlinear chromatography is established according to the actual chromatography processes based on the three basic theorems, Lagrangian-Eulerian description, continuity axiom and local equilibrium assumption.

本文在梁恒等建立的非平衡热力学分离理论的框架下，以Lagrangian-Eulerian描述、连续性公理和局域平衡假设三大基本法则为基础，建立了一种制备色谱理论模型。

By using modern mathematical theory,the ordering axiom is generalized tothe lattice-order axiom,and the continuity axiom is weakened to constructlattice-order decision-making behavior axioms,of which rationality is confirmed.

应用现代数学理论，将Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理体系中的全序刻划推广为格序刻划，并相应地弱化连续性公理，建立起新的格序决策行为公理体系，研究了该公理体系的合理性。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。