查询词典 mathematical expectation

Cardano did not use the mathematical signals in Ars Magna, and the mathematical tradition then was synthetic instead of analytic, therefore, most rules in Ars Magna were arithmetical but not algebraical.

由于卡尔达诺没有使用数学符号，并且当时的数学传统是综合而不是分析，所以《大术》中的绝大多数法则都是算术法则，而不是代数推理过程。

To apply the system, the paper tries to unscramble the analogically mathematical connotations of the body according to the mathematical meanings of Yinyang and Wuxing, and briefly reasons why the Chinese philosophy does not believe the God.

作为应用，尝试依据阴阳五行数理解读身体的类比性数学内涵，并简要论证中国哲学不相信上帝的原因。

In this paper we describe hierarchy stages about how a teacher (1) manages child methods (2)cuts in as a guide and animater (3)practices"cognitive conflict". We also use questionaire to collect children's opinions about mathematical classroom learning activities. These phenonmenens and evidences well represent the transformation of mathematical teaching and learning patterns.

本文藉由提出教师处理儿童的「自然想法」，扮演引导者、促动者的「适时介入」，对儿童「认知冲突」的处理等行为模式，及问卷调查中儿童对数学教学活动的一些描述；以呈现数学教室活动型态的转变的现象及证据。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了&可持续发展&概念的由来与演变，对国内外&可持续发展&的研究现状进行了述评，并对&可持续发展&概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

This article referred to the classificational idea to discuss, and combined plenty of cases to explained the importance of the classificational idea when we solve some mathematical questions,also raised the principles and criterions of implement mathematical thoughts, with more and more useful ideas apply in the education practises,primary school students will set their mathemetical consciousness,train their quality in mathematic.

本文专门讨论分类思想，结合大量实例系统地阐述了分类思想在解决数学问题中的重要性，并提出了在课堂中渗透分类思想的原则和标准，以期这种数学思想能够更多地，更有效地运用到教学实践中去，从而树立小学生的数学意识，培养他们的数学品质。

The discrete mathematical models of the roundness and cylindricity EST are established; the mathematical models of the generating line straightness, axis straightness, coaxality, circular run—out and total run—out error of the revolution workpiece are put forward and established first based on the EST; the method about how to sample and to process sampling data are given when these models are applied to measure workpleces.

其主要内容是：针对长期以来国内对回转误差运动的有关定义的争论，对回转误差运动的本质进行了讨论，进一步明确了静心与静轴，动心与动轴的概念，并对此进行了数学推导，给出了相应的数学模型；统一了&平动说&和&瞬心说&关于回转轴线的定义，指出了两种学说各自的力学基础和它们的一致性。

The study about mathematical biology become more and more important in the 21th century. The intersectant domain will be researched mainly between mathematical biology and other subjects.

在二十一世纪，有关生物数学的研究显得越发重要，生物数学与其他学科的交叉领域将成为主要的研究对象。

Based on traditional wood fiber processing way at home and abroad, this paper draws up mathematical description theory of wood fiber, finishes the mathematical description theory of single wood fiber, sum up the reason of low density of wood fiber at microcosmos state, completed the laboratory study on Micron Flake Fiber High Strength Board, set up the forming methodology of this kind of wood-based panel.

本文在总结国内外传统法木纤维加工的基础上提出了木纤维数学描述理论，进行了单个木纤维细胞的数学描述，总结了现在木纤维强度低的微观原因，完成了微米长薄片木纤维高强度人造板的实验室研究，创立了该板种的形成方法学，所提出的MFB形成理论体系和加工方式，是利用木材微纳米技术在人造板加工业中开创出的一片新研究领域，提出了微米纤维细胞劈裂的条件。

Then the author reviews the content of risk analysis of regional natural disasters and the mathematical models of risk assessment. The risk analysis is classified into three steps, risk recognition , risk estimation, and risk assessment and the mathematical models into three types, extreme risk model, probability risk model and possibility risk model. Nextly, the possibility risk model for analyzing regional disaster risk are reviewed thoroughly.

综述了区域灾害风险分析的内容及区域灾害风险估算的数学模型，指出风险分析可归结为风险辨识、风险估算、风险评价三个环节，风险估算数学模型的演进可概括为极值风险模型、概率风险模型、可能性风险模型三个阶段，着重介绍区域自然灾害风险分析的可能性风险模型。

" In 1981, the Supreme Court stated that "a claim drawn to subject matter otherwise statutory does not become nonstatutory simply because it uses a mathematical formula, computer program, or digital computer" and a claim is patentable if is contains "a mathematical formula and implements or applies the formula in a structure or process which, when considered as a whole, is performing a function which the patent laws were designed to protect.

& 1981年，最高法院指出，&索赔提请法定事由，否则不会成为非法定仅仅是因为它使用了一个数学公式，计算机程序，或数字电脑&，并要求具有专利性，如果是包含&一个数学公式，并在实施或适用的公式的结构或过程，当作为一个整体考虑，是履行这一职能的专利法是为了保护。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。