查询词典 mathematical expectation

This paper presents the portfolio selection problem of two-attribute money and creates a model of portfolio selection based on two-attribute money, which can both contain the existing portfolio models and overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies. A series of new concepts is put forward, such as, holding wealth, obtainable wealth, short-term utility function, short-term expectation-variance utility function, state-expectation-variance utility function, short-term expectation-variance utility curve, long-term expectation-variance utility curve, margin utility contribution force, additional contribution force, profit-risk exchange rate and optimal portfolio expansion curve; The state-expectation-variance analytical method is developed from the expectation-variance analytical method; A set of systematic theories concerning two-attribute portfolio selection is thus established.

本文提出了两属性货币的证券组合选择问题；创建了既能包含现有证券组合选择模型又能克服上述两点不足的两属性证券组合选择模型；提出了持有财富、可获财富，短期效用函数，短期期望—方差效用函数、状态—期望—方差效用函数，短期期望—方差效用曲线、长期期望—方差效用曲线，边际效用贡献力，附加贡献力，收益—风险替换率，最优证券组合扩展线等一系列新概念；把期望—方差分析方法发展成状态—期望—方差分析方法；建立了两属性证券组合选择模型的一套系统的理论。

Chapter six presents such new concepts as margin utility contribution force, profit-risk exchange rate, state-expectation-variance utility function, long-term expectation-variance utility curve and optimal portfolio expansion curve. The state-expectation-variance analytical method is developed from the expectation-variance analytical method. The changing rate of profit-risk exchange rate to state variable is used to define and distinguish the decreasing, constant and increasing relative risk aversion. A decomposition formula about the margin contribution force of holding wealth to state-expectation-variance utility function is displayed. The decomposition formula demonstrates that the contribution force of investors' holding wealth to their utility is composed of the pure contribution force of holding wealth and the investment contribution force bronght about through investment portfolio.

第六章提出了边际效用贡献力、收益—风险替换率、状态—期望—方差效用函数、长期期望—方差效用曲线、最优证券组合扩展线等新概念；把期望—方差分析方法发展成状态—期望—方差分析方法；用收益—风险替换率对状态变量ω的变化率来定义和区分递减、定常、递增相对风险厌恶；获得了持有财富对状态—期望—方差效用函数的边际贡献力的分解式，该分解公式表明投资者的持有财富对他的效用的贡献力由持有财富本身的纯贡献力和持有财富通过投资证券组合所产生的投资贡献力所组成。

Abridgement ）:Mathematics Olympiad entitled to carriers, a mathematical way of thinking on the meaning: mathematical thinking is to understand the nature of mathematical knowledge, from some of the specific content of mathematics and mathematical understanding of the excessive rise in refining a mathematical point of view, is a mathematics knowledge Structure of the essence and soul of the commander in chief and it played the dominant role of mathematical knowledge.

以数学竞赛题为载体，阐述了数学思想方法的涵义：数学思想就是对数学知识的本质认识，是从某些具体的数学内容和对数学的认识过重中提炼上升的数学观点，是数学知识结构的精髓和灵魂，它起到统帅和支配数学知识的作用。

Chapter 4, lists the teaching cases in teacher's teaching, combined the cases dissecting the teaching methods of mathematics and mathematical cerebration and methods in the point of view of psychology, then infers that to proceed the teaching of mathematical cerebration and methods is necessary. In the other hand, I compared and studied the association between the basic mathematical cerebration and methods and other mathematical knowledge, answer the questions that which mathematical cerebration and methods are more worthy to jut out. At last, infers a mode of the teaching in mathematical cerebration and methods.

第四章列举了教师在授课中的教学案例，结合案例从心理学角度对中学数学教学与数学思想方法教学进行剖析，得出进行数学思想方法教学是十分必要的；同时对中学数学教学中的数学基本思想方法与其它数学知识的关系进行了对比分析，对在中学数学教学中突出哪些数学基本思想方法为好做了解答；最后给出了数学思想方法教学的一个教学模式。

For preparing for the researches of text digital watermarking and advantaging other researchers" development when using the Chinese mathematical expression theory, this paper designs and realizes a development platform of Chinese mathematical expression. It has been proved by experiments that the platform"s function, execution speed and stability can satisfy the requirements of conversion and operation of enormous data.This research found out that the structure information of Chinese have plenty redundant information that can be used by the Chinese mathematical expression for the digital watermarking, the data embedded can possess better robustness. Based on this finding, this paper designs a kind of text digital watermarking method of embedding watermarking by using Chinese structure, and realizes the method by using the Chinese mathematical expression platform.Considering the watermarking embedding algorithms importance to the robustness of the text digital watermarking, this paper makes fully use of the advantage of the Chinese mathematical expression theory to design a kind of layered text method, which has being realized by using the Chinese mathematical expression platform. The layered text method can handle the text as a solid structure, and the embedding data havepreferable robustness.Finally, based on the researches of the text digital watermarking method and the text layered method, this paper integrates the method of making use of the Chinese structure embedding watermarking with the robust algorithm based on text layered, and realizes a brand-new text digital watermarking method. Proved by lots of experiments, this brand-new method has good robustness and better invisibility.

为了为研究工作做准备和方便其他使用汉字数学表达式理论体系的人进行开发，本文基于汉字数学表达式理论设计实现了一个汉字数学表达式平台，实现了Unicode汉字集中的汉字、汉字数学表达式、汉字的Unicode码之间的相互转化、依据汉字数学表达式提取汉字的结构信息、由汉字数学表达式在非中文平台上不依赖字库显示汉字的图像等功能，使用复合文档技术和流压缩技术进行数据的存储，使用对汉字数学表达式进行二叉树拆分来处理汉字数学表达式中包含的信息，使用自定义哈希函数来提高运行速度，实验证明，该平台功能、速度和稳定性完全能满足大量数据的转化和运算要求；通过研究表明汉字的结构信息中存在大量可使用汉字数学表达式理论加以利用的水印加载空间，加载在该空间的数据可以具有较好的鲁棒性，基于此，本文设计了一种利用汉字结构加载水印的文本数字水印方法，并使用汉字数学表达式平台将其实现；由于水印嵌入算法对于文本数字水印的鲁棒性至关重要，本文充分利用汉字数学表达式理论的优点，设计了一种文本分层的方法，并使用汉字数学表达式平台将其实现，使文本成为一个立体的空间，使嵌入在其中的数据具有更好的鲁棒性；最后在基于汉字数学表达式的文本数字水印嵌入方法的研究和基于汉字数学表达式的文本分层方法的研究的基础上，结合利用汉字结构嵌入水印的方法和基于文本分层的抗攻击文本水印嵌入算法实现了一种全新的文本数字水印方法，经实验证明，该方法有良好的鲁棒性和较好的隐蔽性。

Results: Normal university students got higher self-expectation scores of firmness, frankness, candidness and enterprise, lower scores of slovenliness, quietness and dressiness. Their gender partners were expected to be very allowable, firm, family-oriented, magnanimous and candid, not to be too slovenly, quiet and dressy. Male students were expected to be strong and enterprising, female being kind, quiet, dressy and lovingly. Students from cities got significantly（P＜0.05,P＜0.001＝higher self-expectation scores of kindness and dressiness than those from countryside. They expected their gender partner to be stronger, more cool-minded and enterprising significantly（P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001＝than students from countryside. Liberal arts majors had significantly self-expectation scores of magnanimity and family value（P＜0.05＝than those of science majors. Sophomore's self-expectation of firmness, frankness and braveness was significantly（P＜0.05＝higher than that of freshmen and junior.

结果：师范大学生对意志坚强、爽快、坦率、事业心的自我期望值较高，对不修边幅、文静和爱打扮的自我期望值较低，对异性在体谅、意志坚强、家庭性、有度量、坦率等方面的期望值较高，不修边幅、文静和爱打扮期望值较低；男女生均对男生的强壮和事业心，对女生的善良温柔、文静、爱打扮和可爱性有较高期望；城镇来源学生对善良温柔和爱打扮的自我角色期望显著地高于乡村来源学生（P＜0.05，P＜0.001＝，他们对异性在沉着、事业心和强壮上的期望也显著高于乡村来源学生（P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.001＝；文科学生对有量度和家庭性的自我期望显著高于理科学生（P＜0.05＝；大二学生对意志坚强、爽快和勇敢的自我期望高于大三和大一学生（P＜0.05）。

From a view of Rational Expectation, this paper, on the basis of both theory and demonstration, analyses the status of Chinese Institutional Investor"s expectation through studying the development status of Chinese Institutional Investors and draw a conclusion that Chinese institutional investor"s expectation is at the phase of quasi rational expectation .

本文从理性预期的角度出发，通过对影响中国机构投资者预期形成的中国机构投资者发展状况的分析，从理论到实证对中国机构投资者的预期状况进行研究，得出了我国机构投资者预期处于准理性预期阶段的结论。

As an extension of the traditional mathematical expectation, Choquet expectation and minimax expectation have many applications in finance and insurance.

Choquet期望和最大、最小数学期望作为传统数学期望的一个延伸，在金融和保险上已经有了广泛的应用。一般来说，由于它们的非线性性，Choquet期望和最大，最小期望不容易算出。

Comprehensively making use of the basic theory, such as Space Analytic Geometry, Gear Meshing Engagement Theory, Method of Mathematical Calculation, Theory for Error Analyzing and Data Processing, the author has established the mathematical models of the new method, which has included the analytic mathematical model for precision orientation, the mathematical model for the ball's diameter and the measuring diameter, the mathematical model about the ball's centre, the calculation model for tooth alignment diviations and the model for tooth alignment error evaluation.

本文综合应用空间解析几何学、啮合原理、计算方法、误差理论与数据处理等有关基础理论，推导建立了新方法的数学模型，包括：确定定位关系的解析法数学模型，测球直径与测量半径的数学模型，测球球心的数学模型，齿向偏差的计算模型以及齿向误差的评定数学模型等。

Relativity can't leave Lorentz transformation such interesting mathematical game, from its beginning to its end is from mathematical game to mathematical game, it seems that he wants to use mathematical game to direct physics experiment, it seems that he wants to use mathematical game to change space and construct another universe.

相对论离不开洛仑兹变换这个有趣的数学游戏，从它的开始到它的结束全是从数学游戏到数学游戏，似乎他要用数学游戏去指导物理实验，似乎他要用数学游戏去改造空间和另造宇宙。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。