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We have designed and synthesized 9,9'-spirobifluorene-based materials and introduced different functional group at 2,2' and 2,2',7,7' positions of 9,9'-spirobifluorene. All of these obtained materials adopted a bichromophoric system configured orthogonally via a chiral spiro center.

中文摘要以旋环双芴为核心结构，分别在2，2'与2，2'，7，7'位置引入不同基团，设计合成出ㄧ系列具双共轭的材料，两相正交相互独立的共轭链，使分子具光学异构物，可避免分子堆叠，提高热稳定性。

We have designed and synthesized 9,9'-spirobifluorene-based materials and introduced different functional group at 2,2' and 2,2',7,7' positions of 9,9'-spirobifluorene. All of these obtained materials adopted a bichromophoric system configured orthogonally via a chiral spiro center.

以旋环双芴为核心结构，分别在2，2'与2，2'，7，7'位置引入不同基团，设计合成出ㄧ系列具双共轭的材料，两相正交相互独立的共轭链，使分子具光学异构物，可避免分子堆叠，提高热稳定性。

Inclusive cdteria:（1）articles on the application of different materials in ossicular chain reconstruction, and （2） articles on selection, design and biological characteristics of ossicular chain materials.

听骨链重建材料的选择、设计及生物学特性评价的相关文献。

Compared with those bipolar-transporting materials containing carbazole and aryl oxadiazole groups connected with conjugated groups, these bipolar-trans- porting materials here presented high HOMO and LUMO energy levels and thermal stability.

与共轭基团桥联咔唑和芳基噁二唑的双极传输材料相比， HOMO/LUMO能级相应地提高，热稳定性能增强。

Nano titanium dioxide is of favorable biological and chemical inertness, strong oxidizability, low cost and long-term stability against photocorrosion and chemical corrosion. Nano TiO_2 and TiO_2/SiO_2 thin films are used photocatalysis degradation materials and self-cleaing materials, and can kill bacteria and virus.At present it is the hot spot in the research of photocatalysis, and it is of great value in the practical applications.

由于纳米TiO_2具有良好的生物和化学惰性、较强的氧化性能、低成本、以及对光腐蚀和化学腐蚀的稳定性等，故其薄膜不仅能用作光催化降解和自洁净材料，还能杀死细菌及病毒，是目前光催化材料的研究重点，具有广阔的应用前景。

So oxyfluoride materials are highly desirable materials for optical amplification, up-conversion lasers and display devices.

本论文，我们采用溶胶—凝胶法成功制备了一系列Er~(3+)掺杂的透明纳米LaF_3—SiO_2玻璃—陶瓷样品。

Because of the high optical functions as fluorides and the ease in fabrications and high chemical stability as oxide glasses, oxyfluoride glass ceramics, as an special kinds of materials different from crystals and glasses, became a promising host materials for rare earth ions.

玻璃陶瓷作为一种不同于玻璃和晶体的特殊形态的上转换材料，由于兼具氟化物材料的好的光学性质和氧化物材料的稳定性及易于制作，可加工成各种形态的优点而可能成为一种有优良的上转换发光材料。

This paper gives mechanical testing results of sand-gravel materials in the Liangcha river that show good compaction, high shear strength and low compression behavior. The materials in both panical grades and engineering, behaviors can meet the requirements of different parts of the dam body. And it also discribes a stlbzone in the dam body, design specification, construCtion parameters as well as embankment, slope comp...

本文对两岔河砂砾石的物理力学性能进行分析，认为砂砾石的压实性好、抗剪强度高、压缩性低，不论是颗粒级配还是工程性质均可满足坝体各分区的要求；对坝体分区、设计技术指标、施工参数以及1年来的填筑施工、斜坡碾压、砂浆固坡、质量控制等方面的具体作法，进行了全面的介绍。

The main products are: series and high aluminum phosphate, clay, acid-resistant, wear-resistant series, periclase, spinel series; magnesium branded series, lightweight insulation series, and a variety of on line monolithic castables, ramming play materials and the production and supply of raw materials.

主要产品有：磷酸盐系列及高铝，粘土，耐酸，耐磨系列，方镁石，尖晶石系列；镁烙系列，轻质保温系列，及多种上不定形系耐火浇注料，捣打料及各原材料的生产和供应。

In this paper, the concept of FGM is firstly applied in cement-based materials to study the effect of dispersion phase gradient distribution in cement-based materials on physicomechanical property and functions after the effect of dispersion phase and its mechanism in cement-bas

在没有专门的水泥基梯度材料成型设备的情况下，采用组分梯度变化，通过分层布料和机械振动成型的方法，通过合理的控制，基本上保证了组分的相对梯度变化，分层越多，梯度分布连续性越好。研究工作主要有三个方面

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。