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These cysts are thought to arise by either separation of the arachnoid into two layers that secrete CSF and form a cyst or formation of a cyst between the arachnoid and the pia mater.

这些囊肿被认为既可来自于蛛网膜分离为两层，它们分泌脑脊液而形成囊肿，也可来自于蛛网膜与软脑膜之间形成的囊肿。

BBB mainly by the pia mater, choroid and brain capillary composition, can prevent invasive micro-organisms, such as brain and spinal cord meninges, to protect the central nervous system from being undermined.

血脑屏障主要是由软脑膜、脉络膜和脑毛细管组成，可以阻止微生物等侵入脑脊髓和脑膜内，从而保护中枢神经系统不受损害。

The fibers of these neurons projected into the pia mater at the surface of cortex. This finding implied that Type I cells may be CSF-contacting neurons, which act as both sensor and secretor.

形态学结果还提示Ⅰ型细胞可能是一种特殊类型的细胞——触液神经元，能感受脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid，CSF)中信息和分泌CRF入CSF。

RESULTS: The positive staining cells mostly included ependymal cells of myelocoele, glial cells, motor neurons, and epithelial cells of spinal pia mater. The staining was mainly located on the cell membrane. Most importantly, it displayed certain directivity in the glial cells, mainly at the membrane side contacting with capillary endothelial cells.

结果： 免疫组织化学染色结果显示阳性着色细胞包括有胶质细胞、中央管室管膜上皮细胞、脊髓前角运动神经元、软脊膜上皮细胞，着色部位主要在细胞膜，其中在胶质细胞表现出一定的方向性，主要分布在与毛细血管内皮细胞接触的一侧。

Object The model of the rat mesentery、 cerebral pia mater and mouse cerebral piamater microcirculation disturbance was set up by high polymer dextran and adrenaline.

实验采用高分子右旋糖酐及肾上腺素法，建立大鼠肠系膜、软脑膜和小鼠耳廓微循环障碍模型，并观察了正常小鼠耳廓微循环。

Results: the positive cells mostly included ependymal cells of myelocoele, glial cells, anterior horn motor neurons, and epithelial cells of spinal pia mater and their expressions were mainly located on cell membrane. interestingly, aqp4 distribution in glial cells and ependymal cells showed certain directivity, but the former was mainly in the membrane side contacting with capillary endothelial cells and the latter mostly in the basolateral membrane of ependymal cells.

结果： 免疫组织化学染色和原位杂交结果显示胶质细胞、前角运动神经元、中央管室管膜细胞、软脊膜上皮细胞均表达阳性，aqp4主要分布于细胞膜，其中，胶质细胞和中央管室管膜细胞表达存在极性，前者主要分布在与毛细血管内皮细胞接触的一侧，后者主要分布在中央管室管膜细胞的基底侧膜。

Objective: Investigation of the Kangnaoling granulation"s protective effect on cerebral vascular injured rat"s hippocampus neural cell of pasting cerebral pia mater with FeCl_3 solution.

目的：观察康脑灵颗粒剂对FeCI_3溶液贴敷软脑膜所致脑血管损伤模型大鼠海马神经细胞的保护作用影响。

Perivascular space is a crevice between two slices of cerebral pia maters, filled with tissue fluid, which be formed by pia mater emboling in the surrounding of cerebral perforating branch.

血管周围间隙(Perivascular space， PVS)是软脑膜内陷在脑穿支小血管周围而形成的介于两层软脑膜之间的间隙，其间充满组织液。

The effects of QDPTP on cerebral blood flow and artery blood pressure in anesthetized rats The regional cerebral blood flow in cerebral pia mater was examined by Laser Doppler Flowmeter and the artery blood pressure (including mean systolic pressure, mean diastolic pressure and mean blood pressure) were monitored by the electrophysiological polygraph before and after drug administration.

结果表明：模型组脑组织及血清IL1-β含量分别为1006.4±247.1 pg/ml和370.8±76.6 pg/ml，与之相比，QDPTP中剂量(550.7±99.8，268±64.6)组中脑组织及血清中IL1-β的含量显著降低(P.01)，川芎嗪脑也明显减少组织IL1-β的含量(627.8±144.7，P.05)。 QDPTP对麻醉大鼠局部脑血流量和动脉血压的影响采用激光多普勒血流仪测量大鼠软脑膜局部的血灌注量，其被视为局部的脑血流量。

METHODS: According to adherent + Thy1.1 antibody and complement-purification method, cranium was opened to expose olfactory bulb. Thereafter, two olfactory bulbs were obtained to remove cerebral pia mater, blood capillary, and peripheral tissues; additionally, olfactory nerve layer and olfactory bulb granular layer were sheared into 1-mm3 pieces for extract single-cell suspension. The cells were adjusted at the density of 1×107 /L and incubated with poly-l-lysine-coated culture bottle or culture plate in 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. On the third day, cells were cultured with serum-free DMEM/F12 culture media.

在差速贴壁+Thy1.1抗体及补体纯化法的基础上，剪开大鼠颅骨，显露位于颅腔前方的嗅球，取出2只嗅球，在显微镜下去除嗅球表面的软脑膜和毛细血管及外周组织，保留富含嗅鞘细胞的嗅神经层和嗅球颗粒层，剪成1 mm3小块分离获取单细胞悬浮液，调整细胞密度至1×107 L-1，接种在用poly-l-lysine包被的培养瓶或培养板中，于37 ℃、体积分数为5%的CO2培养箱中培养，第3天用无血清DMEM/F12培养基换液培养。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。