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Firstly, after the analysis on probability distribution of GenCos' bidding results, a concept of bid acceptance probability distribution function of GenCos is proposed; then based on the features of bidding structure in day-ahead and real-time markets, a multi-objective bi-level programming bidding strategy model in day-ahead and real-time markets for GenCos is built for electricity markets in which the step-wise bidding function and pay-as-bid settlement protocols are utilized; and then in order to solve the proposed model an algorithm based on Monte Carlo method and genetic algorithm is designed; finally, the simulation of numerical examples are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed model and algorithm.

首先在分析了发电商竞价结果的概率分布之后，提出了发电商竞价成功概率分布函数的概念。然后基于日前和实时市场中投标结构的特点，针对采用分段报价和按报价结算(pay as bid price，PAB)方式的电力市场，建立了日前和实时市场中发电商的多目标二层规划竞价策略模型，并设计了以蒙特卡罗方法和遗传算法为基础的求解算法。最后采用算例对所提出的模型和算法进行了仿真验证。

Sixth, to make an overall plan on the allocation of regional markets, complete the building of regional markets of capital, labourer, technology, productive materials and agricultural products, and realize the markets connection.

六是统筹规划区域内重大市场布局，建设区域性资本、劳动力、技术、生产资料、农产品流通市场，逐步融入长三角统一开放的市场体系，加快市场对接。

Arjun Divecha, an emerging-markets specialist who manages about $20 billion for GMO LLC, says that until recently, investors bought pricey stocks in both markets because these economies were seen as the fastest-growing.'But with U.S. and global growth expectations slowing, it's the markets that were bid up the most that are getting hurt the most now,' he said.

为GMO LLC管理着约200亿美元资产的新兴市场专家阿让迪瓦查表示，就在不久前，投资者还在中国和印度市场中积极买进那些价格昂贵的股票，因为他们认为这两个经济体发展之迅猛数一数二；但随着美国和全球经济增长前景放缓，曾经最受追捧的市场现在则在承受最为沉重的打击。

Looking at this year's trend in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, with global stock markets have amazing consistency, it was down more than the stock market the United States and Europe, Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets this week's trading, then by the "Black Monday" will be the impact of Is obvious.

展望在今年的上海和深圳股票市场的趋势与全球股市有惊人的一致性，其跌幅超过股票市场美国和欧洲，上海和深圳股市本周的交易更多，然后由"黑色星期一"将是很明显的影响。

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymmetry between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

There are real estate markets, foreign exchange markets, labour markets, short-term capital markets, and so on; there may be a market for anything that has a price.

有房地产市场，外汇市场，劳动力市场，短期资金市场等；除此之外，任何有价的东西可能都有一个市场。

China"s stock markets had made a great progress after 14 years" development, their functions of financing, resource disposal, liquidity providing and company management bettering had got well exerted. This means the function efficiency had been improved.2.As for the market structure, operating method and regulations conditions, the participants" structure and quality had been increased fast, the transaction cost had been greatly reduced, and issuing and liquating method had become more fair and effective, the relative laws and regulations had been better and better, the operation efficiency had been improved.3.Compared with other stock markets, China"s stock markets" indexes had performed a good random walk property, which means that the pricing efficiency had been improved.4.Compared with other advanced markets in the world, by and large, on the basis of China"s rapid improvement on economy recently, China"s stock markets" efficiency was relatively low.

根据分析研究，本文的主要结论和观点如下： 1、中国股市14年来的发展取得了重大进步，其融资、资源配置、提供流动性以及改善公司治理等功能都得到了良好的发挥，功能效率程度得到提高； 2、从股市结构、运作机制和体制环境来看，股市主体的结构和质量有了快速提高，交易成本大大降低，发行和流通方式更加公平、有效，各项法律法规也不断得到完善，其运作效率程度得到提高； 3、与世界主要股票市场相比，中国股市指数的随机游走特性逐渐良好，说明14年来，中国股市定价效率得到了快速提高； 4、中国股市与世界先进市场相比，综合来看，考虑到中国股市的发展背景和近几年国民经济的快速发展，其效率还是较低的。

Chinas agricultural commodity futures markets have come through thirteen years. More and more enterprises , individuals and institutional invertors join the futures markets now, the aim of the creation of futures markets is to provide a mechanism for hedging risk in spot markets.

中国农产品期货市场从诞生开始发展至今走过了无数风雨历程，现在越来越多的企业、个人和机构投资者都加入到期货市场中来，期货市场建立的初衷就是为了规避现货市场的风险，而期货价格的有效性在很大程度上决定了期货市场自身是否能发挥其应有的功能。

The first chapter of the thesis topics background analysis, a comprehensive grasp of the relevant literature, in-depth study of the question for laid a solid foundation; Chapter II from the perspective of China"s securities market, in-depth study of the volatility in the securities markets; Chapter III from Marcovitz portfolio theory, the capital asset pricing model and the arbitrage pricing theory systematic comparison, in-depth study of the International Securities Market Association theoretical basis, and then focus on the quantitative study of China"s emerging stock markets and the relevance of the surrounding market; this chapter use GARCH model family, pulse function, VAR model, market-related parameters , a smooth test, cointegration test, Granger causality test methods measure the volatility in the securities markets and the correlation with the degree of peripheral markets; Chapter IV in the face of China"s securities market volatility and market linkages with neighboring under the influence of the Chinese securities market from the current state of development of expounding China"s Permit Certificates of inevitability of the international market, Chinas securities market and to avoid the risk of the corresponding policy recommendations.

第一章系统分析论文的选题背景，全面掌握了相关的文献，为深入研究本问题奠定了坚实的基础；第二章从我国股票市场自身角度出发，深入研究我国股票市场的波动特性；第三章从马科维茨资产组合理论出发，对资本资产定价模型和套利定价理论进行系统比较分析，深入探讨了国际股票市场关联的理论，随后着重定量研究了我国新兴股票市场与周边市场的关联性；本章使用市场相关参数、平稳性检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验等计量方法测度了我国股票市场波动及与周边市场的关联程度；第四章基于我国股票市场波动及与周边市场的关联影响，从我国股票市场目前发展状况出发，阐述了我国股票市场国际化的必然性，并为我国股票市场的风险规避提出了相应的政策建议。

The markets they invest in include the money and currency markets,stock markets for shares,commodities markets for anything from gold to pork bellies,and property.

The市场，包括金钱和货币市场，股票市场的股票，从黄金的任何商品市场的猪肉肚子，财产。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失