查询词典 markers

Identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases in animal model, here rat arthritis as an example, may include the following steps:①selecting inbred animal strains and establishing disease models;② segregating breeding in F2 animals and running linkage analysis to find QTLs;③ producing a series of congenic strains to narrow down QTL region under help of STR or SNPs markers;④ carrying out positional cloning of susceptibility genes, and ⑤ confirming the function of susceptibility genes.

以大鼠类风湿关节炎模型为例，定位克隆易感基因步骤包括：①选择亲代近交系，建立关节炎模型；②分离育种，连锁分析、确定数量性状位点；③建立Congenic系、窄化QTL区域；④位置克隆基因；⑤易感基因的功能验证。

Methods Human monocyte cell line THP-1 was cultured and induced to macrophage by PMA treatment. The effect of 9-cisRA on the differentiation induced by PMA was studied. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscope and the adhesion rate of THP-1 was detected by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium assay. The cell surface markers involved in differentiation of mono cyte/macmphage (CD11b, CD36) were analyzed by flow cytometry.

体外培养人单核细胞系THP-1，经佛波酯诱导分化为巨噬细胞，同时给予9-顺式维甲酸对佛波酯诱导分化进行干预，通过相差显微镜观察细胞形态，MTT比色法检测细胞贴壁率，流式细胞仪检测与单核／巨噬细胞分化有关的细胞表面标志物CD11b和CD36的表达。

Class and race may prove to be more durable definers of reality, more stable markers of who is "us" and who is "them".

对现实有重大影响的还当属阶级与种族。这两项准则亦能更稳定地区分开&自己人&与&外人&。

Its research interests include: psychiatric genetics, particularly the dementias and schizophrenia; clinical and molecular genetic studies; genetic epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease; psychiatric reactions to trauma, including the treatment of post-traumatic reactions and biological markers of such reactions; molecular neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease.

该系的研究兴趣包括：精神病遗传学，尤其是痴呆和精神分裂症；临床和分子基遗传学研究；阿尔海默茨病疾病的遗传流行病；对创伤性精神病学反应，包括创伤后治疗反应和这些反应的生物学标记；阿尔海默茨病疾病的分子神经病理。

Persica. Meanwhile, genetic diversity, genetic structure, genetic differences of demes were analyzed with RAPD markers.

与此同时，利用RAPD标记对桃遗传多样性、类群的遗传结构、类群间的遗传差异等方面进行分析。

Genetic variation in demes appeared 8 times higher than among demes. The paper also gave a few methods such as dendrogram, statistic, frequency of markers, polymorphic bands and special loci, genetic variations within and among demes for conservation and utility, molecular checking indexes for cultivars can provide basic information for protection of intellectual property rights and selection of wanted cultivars.

通过多态带和特殊带提出了桃核心种质，并利用聚类法、统计法、标记频率法、多态带数和特殊位点法、类群间和类群内的遗传差异法提出了种质保存策略；以及品种识别分子检索表的建立，为知识产权保护和正确选择品种提供了第一手资料。

Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the distinct ultrastructure of fibroblast and the group, spot gold particle specificity distribution shape. The positive markers of CTGF were mainly located in the RER,while there are expression in RER ribosome, Cf, ECM, desmosome connection, euchromatin,et al.

免疫电镜标记显示成纤维细胞细胞超微结构清晰，金颗粒呈团状、点灶状分布，特异性强，CTGF蛋白阳性标记主要位于粗面内质网，粗面内质网核糖体、胶原纤维、细胞外基质、桥粒连接、常染色质等部位也有表达。

I walked along the shore, watched people fishing, looked at a few of the historical markers, saw the sign for the Iditarod dogsled race.

我走在岸边，看着人捕鱼，看着几个标志的历史，看到的迹象艾迪塔罗德狗拉雪橇比赛。

Mechanical strains also regulated the protein and mRNA expression of several differentiation markers, as well as the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 MAP kinase and protein kinase B in a frequency-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibition of p38 pathway could block the strain-frequency induced the phenotype modulation of VSMCs, neither ERKs nor Akt. Frequency of mechanical strain, not conditioned medium, regulated the phenotype of VSMCs in a frequency-dependent manner. Rho-GDI alpha was suppressed by the mechanical strain at 1Hz.

采用免疫细胞化学法检测VSMCs形态和排列的变化；RT-PCR和Western blotting检测表型标志分子α-肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白重链(SM1/2)、肌动蛋白相关蛋白SM22α和调宁蛋白(h1-calponin)的mRNA和蛋白水平的变化；抑制剂或RNA干扰阻断可能的信号调节分子的活性或表达，包括p38、细胞外信号调节激酶1/(2extracellular signal-regulated kinases， ERK1/2)、蛋白激酶B和Rho-鸟苷酸解离抑制因子(Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor， Rho-GDI alpha)，研究了不同频率张应变对VSMCs表型转化的影响及其调节机制。

Developments in the fields of immunology, biochemistry, molecular biology, cell engineering and euphenics have resulted in the determination of many tumor markers with clinical value.

近年来随着免疫学、生物化学、分子生物学、细胞工程学和遗传工程学及其相应新技术的发展，发现了许多具有一定临床价值的肿瘤标志物。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。