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The separate progenies from the cross between parthenocarpic line EP-6 and non-parthenocarpic line ZR-2 were employed to identify the molecular markers linked to the parthenocarpy of cucumber with the method of BSA.

本实验以黄瓜单性结实品系EP-6和非单性结实品系ZR-2为亲本构建群体，采用分离群体分组分析(bulked segregant analysis，BSA)筛选与黄瓜单性结实基因连锁的分子标记。

The human Y chromosome is paternally inherited in a haplotype model. This feature make the Y-specific polymorphic markers are very useful in different fields of science, including genealogy, population genetics and forensic science.

人类Y染色体为正常男性特有、其大部分非重组区呈父系单倍型遗传等特点，使得Y染色体特异的多态性遗传标记成为人类学、群体遗传学及法医学等领域中非常有用的工具。

The applicability of chicken microsatellite primers to peafowl population was analyzed in the present paper, and the results showed 14 of 29 pairs of microsatellite primers from chicken could amplify peafowl DNA and produce specific allele patterns. A mean of 1.71 alleles was found for each locus. Seven pairs were highly polymorphic, and MCW0080 and MCW0098 were ideal markers for peafowl.

利用29对鸡微卫星标记对孔雀基因组DNA进行种间扩增，发现14对引物能扩增出特异性条带，每对引物扩增的平均等位基因数为1.71，有7对引物具有较丰富的多态性，其中MCW0080和MCW0098最为理想。

It's one of the universal truths of parenthood: Kids' pencil cases, folders, markers, and other school supplies are forever disappearing.

父母心目中的普遍真理之一就是：孩子的铅笔盒，文件夹，记号笔及其他文具永远地消失了。

We concluded the pepsinogen C could offer excellent molecular markers of differentiation of stomach epithelial cells in developmental biology.

认为在发育生物学的研究中，胃蛋白酶C可作为胃上皮细胞分化的分子标志。

We concluded the pepsinogen C could offer excellent molecular markers of differentiation during stomach epithelial cellulur development.

因此 ，我们认为胃蛋白酶C可作为胃上皮细胞分化的分子标志。

RESULTS: In vitro expanded UCMSCs constitutively expressed markers of hepatic lineage, including albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, cytokeratin-19, connexin-32, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

结果：体外扩增的UCMSCs 组成性表达肝细胞系的标记物，包括白蛋白，甲胎蛋白，细胞角蛋白19片段，连接蛋白-32和二肽基肽酶IV。

The markers of hepatic linear cells were examined before induction ,and 7, 14, 21 and 28 day after induction by RT-PCR, immunocyte chemistry and PAS (periodic acid-schiff) in every group.

人脐带血单个核细胞、间充质千细胞均可在体外诱导分化为具有肝系细胞表型和功能的细胞。4。

The surface antigen expressions of MNC were detected by flow cytometry. MNC were induced with DMEM medium, containing HGF alone, FGF4 alone, HGF+FGF4 or no growth factor, respectively. The markers of hepatic linear cells were examined before induction, and 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after induction by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and periodic acid-schiff in every group.

分别用肝细胞生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子-4(FGF4)、HGF+FGF4、无生长因子4种处理因素进行诱导培养，于诱导前及诱导后的第7、14、21、28天采用RT-PCR检测AFP、白蛋白及C-met、FGFR2 mRNA的表达，免疫细胞化学法检测肝细胞抗原和CK18的表达，PAS 法进行糖原染色。

These ingredients includes epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, dimethyl sulfoxide, phenobarbital sodium and all trans-retinoic acid. We isolate and culture primary 10-weeks-old human fetal hepatocytes, observe hepatocytes form and its function markers. Inoculate hepatocytes with HBV Dane particles to observe if HBV susceptibility of fetal hepatocytes can be induced in vitro. To detect HBV covalently closed circular DNA within hepatocytes, we improve the existent PCR method.

基于上述假设，我们设计了10种培养条件，在自行设计的无血清培养基中添加不同的细胞分化诱导物，包括表皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、二甲基亚砜、苯巴比妥钠、全反式维甲酸等，分离孕10周龄人胎肝细胞进行原代培养，观测肝细胞形态及功能指标变化，并定时给予HBV感染，观察能否在体外诱导胎肝细胞出现HBV易感性；为检测肝细胞内HBV共价闭合环状DNA(covalently closed circular DNA，cccDNA)，我们改进了现有的PCR检测法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。