查询词典 marker

Resistant accessions, genetic basis, biochemical research and molecular marker are summarized in this article. We also discussed how to apply allelism test which using hybridize and molecular marker in different resistance materials in order to make a good use of resistant resources and provide useful information in the further research of the multiresistant mungbean breeding.

本文就绿豆抗豆象基因资源的发掘与利用及抗豆象特性的遗传机理与分离规律进行了总结与分析，对抗豆象的生化基础研究和分子标记进行了综述，探讨了抗豆象育种的重要性及尚需解决的问题，提出进行不同抗源的基因等位性鉴定、高效地利用抗源、培育多价抗豆象绿豆品种的重要性。

Experimental results based on backcross population indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR marker were almost as same as that of RFLP marker.

回交后代的鉴定结果表明，该PCR标记的灵敏度和专化性与RFLP标记基本相同。

In this essay, we summarized the characteristics of molecular marker-assisted selection, focused on improving qualitative and quantitative characters, backcross breeding and gene polymerization. At the same time, the problems and potential prospects of molecular marker-assisted selection have also been discussed.

综述了分子标记辅助选择的特点，重点介绍了分子标记辅助选择在水稻育种上的利用现状，主要包括质量性状改良、数量性状改良、回交育种、基因聚合等方面的应用进展，同时讨论了该技术存在的问题以及发展前景和展望。

In bivalve molluscs, related phenomena, marker-associated heterosis and distortion of marker segregation ratios, have been widely reported over the past 25 years.

在双壳贝类研究中，与标记相关的杂种优势及偏分离现象在过去的25年中被广泛报道。

Typical bands were used to analyze relation with ecotypes and characters of fruits, indicating that there was no relation between typical bands and ecotypes, but some extent relation between bands and characters of fruits existed. If all cultivars were divided into freestone and clingstone, melting and nonmelting, both freestone (ratio shared total survey, 41/56=73.2%) and clingstone (ratio shared total survey, 33/79=41.8%) appeared in the loci of S_(167)-1050 bp linked marker raised by Warburton et al. It was apparently not strong linkage between the marker and the character, and exchange rate of genes was high. If combinations of S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1050bp or S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1400bp were used to distinguish characters of fruits, 6 freestone accessions without clingstone ones and 6 melting accessions without nonmelting ones displayed in the first combination of markers, 20 clingstone accessions and 2 semi-freestone ones without freestone ones appeared in the second combination of markers.

通过典型带对不同生态型、果实性状为类别进行分析，结果未发现有与生态型相吻合的特征带出现，而将供试所有品种按离核、粘核和溶质、不溶质划分归类，供试品种在Warburton等得到S_(167)-1050 bp处粘离核分子标记，出现既有离核(占供试离核41／56=73.2％)，又有粘核(占供试粘核33／79=41.8％)，可见此连锁标记连锁性不强，发生交换的机率较高，而S_(167)-850bp带和S_(167)-1050bp带同时出现时，该组包含6个离核，无粘核品种；6个溶质，而无不溶质。S_(167)-850bp和S_(167)-1400bp同时出现时，包含20个粘核品种和2个半离核品种。

Based on the sequence of the codominant RAPD marker〓,we designed SCAR primers SCN11 to amplify distinct band〓 with the same size as RAPD marker 〓.

根据克隆片段〓和〓的序列设计合成了一对SCAR引物SCN11，SCN11在95-5383中扩增出与〓大小相同的片段〓，在HB1中扩增出与〓大小相同的片段〓，在F1同时扩增出〓。

A 1172 bp fragment was detected for Wx-7A gene using dominant marker primer from the Wx-A1 normal wheat, a 593 bp and a 574 bp fragment were detected using codominant marker primer from the Wx-A1α normal and Wx-A1 null wheat, respectively.

STS标记结果中，Wx-7A位点的显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条1172bp的特异带，即Wx-A1α基因出现；Wx-7A位点的共显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条593bp的特异带，在缺失类型中扩增出一条574bp的特异带。

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and neural like cells with osteoblast inductor (β-sodium glycerophosphate, dexamethasone, vitamin C), lipoblast inductor (dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, bovine insulin, indometacin) and serum-free medium inductor (dimethyl sulphoxide, butylated hydroxyanisole) respectively. Osteoblast marker (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin mRNA, calcium node), adipocyte marker (lipid droplet, PPAR γ-2mRNA) and neural cell-like marker (nissl body, neuron specific enolase, neurofilament protein) were respectively determined by the immunohistochemical method, polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical method.

分别采用成骨细胞诱导剂（β-甘油磷酸钠，地塞米松，维生素C）、成脂肪细胞诱导液（地塞米松，甲基异丁酸黄嘌呤，牛胰岛素，吲哚美辛）及二甲基亚砜和羟基丁酸苯甲醚无血清培养基诱导剂干预细胞向成骨、脂肪、神经细胞分化，经免疫组织化学染色、PCR、免疫细胞染色方法检测成骨标志物（碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素mRNA、钙结节）、脂肪标志物（脂滴、PPARγ-2mRNA）、以及类神经标志物（尼克氏体、神经烯醇化酶、神经丝蛋白）。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

Domestic and overseas entomologist has showed that different molecular marker methods for molecular identification of Trichogramma species. However, each of molecular marker methods previously has own deficiency, and molecular marker genes used in Trichogramma species identification almost is ribosomal DNA, study about mitochomadrial DNA in Trichogramma spp. is infrequent.

近年来，随着分子生物技术的发展，国内外研究者曾用不同分子标记方法来进行赤眼蜂蜂种的分子鉴别，然而每种分子标记都有自己的不足，且赤眼蜂分子鉴定中用于序列分析的标记基因基本上为核糖体核糖核酸基因，而有关线粒体DNA的研究却鲜有报道。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。