查询词典 map projection

Based on these theories, it develops a GIS map projection software using Visual C++ as a platform. The software consists of two parts: analytical ordinal transformation and analytical athwart transformation. Analytical athwart transformation implements map projective transformation with coefficients obtained through numerical method, which is also the main idea of this paper. Map projective transformation process is illustrated with the examples of Mercator projection and conic projection.

地图投影建立了平面上的点(用平面直角坐标或者极坐标表示)和地球表面上的点之间的函数关系，而地理信息系统以平面直角坐标形式通过计算机图形学的方法表示2维或3维地理空间信息，因此，地图投影起到了地球空间与地理信息系统之间的坐标转换的桥梁作用[1]。

The system can be used alone or be integrated into other GIS systems to enhance their map projection function. map projection ; map projective transformation ; analytical ordinal transformation ; analytical athwart transformation

在GIS应用系统中往往需要管理多种不同地图的地理数据，这些不同投影的数据在进行地理空间分析或信息复合时需要坐标同化，需要将不同投影的坐标统一到同一个坐标空间中，随着G

In this paper, a series of lunar map projection formulas are deduced including azimuthal projections, cylindrical projections and conical projections. The lunar map projections software is compiled. By caculating lunar map projection distortions, their projection distortion rules are found. Base on the lunar exploration mission, the lunar map projection scheme is given in this paper. The azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is usually used in small areas, especially in two poles. When the whole map of the moon is needed, the azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is used within 10° in the poles, and the traverse tangent cylindrical conformal projection or the normal secant conical conformal projection can be used in else areas, furthermore, band-division is necessary to reduce the projection distortion.

本文推导了基于月球参考球的各种投影公式，主要包括方位投影、圆柱投影和圆锥投影；编制了月球地图投影计算软件；对多种月球的投影变形进行了详细的计算，总结分析了各种月球投影的变形规律；结合月球探测的需要，给出了月球投影方案的建议：对于局部的面积较小的投影区域，建议使用等角方位投影或外心透视方位投影；如果绘制月面全图，在两极10°范围内采用等角方位投影或外心透视方位投影，其余区域可以采用等角横切圆柱投影和等角正割圆锥投影，并且要进行分带处理。

In order to reduce distortions of map projection, a new map projection according to the normal of ellipsoid surface is proposed in this paper.

为更大幅度地减小地图投影变形，提出了按椭球面法线投影的一种新的地图投影方法。

Map Projection ; Map Projection Transformation ; The Gauss Projection ; GIS

地图投影；地图投影变换；高斯投影；地理信息系统

This paper systematically states the basic concept of map projection,the map projection transformation,the Gauss zone dividing porjection.

系统阐述了地图投影、地图投影变换、高斯投影及其分带投影的基本原理。

Map projection ; inverse transformation ; map projection system ; map projection parameters ; algorithm optimization ; error control

地图投影；反解变换；投影体系；投影参数；算法优化；误差控制

This thesis focus on GPS application in magnetic suspension engineering:① the formulation of oblique cylindrical projection is worked out according to characteristics of long distance precise engineering and map projection theory. The author has developed an application to accomplish coordinate conversion from generally used coordinate systems to oblique Maglev Coordinates System.② considering not only project peculiarities but also position of control points, selection of initial points, connection type, selection of repeat baseline and ground observed quantities, GPS network is designed on electronic map and we may extract GPS network information by program developed using Visual Basic 6.0 while the results are stored in control point file and baseline vector file.③estimate accuracy of various GPS networks designed on electronic map by method of 2D restriction adjustment. GPS network simulation design and accuracy estimate come true.④Predominate the rules how connection type , repeat baseline and precise baseline of range finder influence GPS network precision through comparing accuracy of various GPS network. Thereby, the solution how to establish GPS network in long distance precise engineering is figured out.

本论文主要研究GPS技术在磁悬浮工程中的应用：①根据长距离精密工程的特点，从地图投影原理出发，推导出斜轴圆柱投影的应用公式，并编制计算软件，实现从常用坐标系统向斜轴磁悬浮坐标系统的转换计算；②在AutoCAD电子地图上，根据工程的需要，并充分考虑控制点的点位、起算点的选择、连接方式、重复基线的选择和地面观测量的选择等因素，在电子地图上进行GPS网的设计，根据Visual Basic 6.0语言编程，提取出GPS网资料，保存在控制点文件和基线向量文件中；③对在电子地图生成的各种类型的GPS网进行二维约束平差的精度估算，实现了GPS网的模拟设计与精度估算；④通过对各种控制网的精度比较，掌握连接方式、重复基线、精密测距仪基线对GPS网精度影响的规律，解决了长距离精密工程GPS网的建立方法。

On the basis of Earth surface space using reference ellipsoid as height basis, map space using Gauss-Kruger projection plane as height basis, a viewpoint is proposed that map projection actually establishes corresponding relationship between the height bases of two different spaces above. From the viewpoint of projection and visible representation, the relationships among earth surface space, RS imagery space and map space are analyzed; the differences among different representations of earth surface space are identified theoretically; virtual reality is applied to the representation of land surface space, and a prototype of real 3D virtual reality system based on spatial information is developed. By means of digital simulation, virtual reality representation of land surface space in visual image space is realized.

在以参考椭球面为高程基准面表征地表空间、以高斯-克吕格地图平面为高程基准面表征地图空间的思想基础上，提出了地图投影实质上是建立两个空间的高程基准面之间关系的观点；从投影和可视表达的角度，分析了地表空间、遥感图像空间、地图空间之间的关系，从理论上区分了对地表空间的不同表达方式之间存在的差别；将虚拟现实技术应用于地表空间的表达，研制了空间信息三维虚拟现实系统原型，利用数字模拟技术在视像空间实现了对地表空间的真三维虚拟现实表达。

This paper studies and analyses the map projection transformation, using VC ++ programming language to realize three projection transformation: inclined position projection, Mercator projection and Gaussian M- Ke Lvge projection, and makes the application tests.

本文对地图投影变换做了尝试性的分析研究，利用VC++编程语言实现了斜轴等积方位投影、墨卡托投影和高斯-克吕格投影三种投影变换，并做了应用测试。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。