查询词典 manufacturing method

The accounting of subsidiary production cost, manufacturing cost accounting, the distribution of production fee between completed production and products; the methods of cost accounting are specified as varietals method, job lot method, method of fractional steps, sorting technique method and quota means

辅助生产费用的核算、制造费用的核算、生产费用在完工产品与在产品之间的分配；成本计算的品种法、分批法、分步法、分类法、定额法

Electrical discharge machining as a nontraditional machining method can machining any kind of electrical conductive material by pulsed discharge process which erodes electrode materials. Because of its processing quality independence of part shape and material mechanical properties such as hardness, strength and toughness, EDM becomes one kind of basilic machining means and is playing an important role in the field of modern manufacturing, especially in mould manufacturing industry.

电火花加工技术通过放电蚀除材料，实现对任意导电性材料加工，而不受材料硬度、强度、韧性等力学性能及形状的限制，成为制造技术领域中重要的加工手段，在现代制造领域，特别是模具制造领域占据着重要的地位。

The method that the manufacturing industry that studies the production powerful nation such as England, United States and Japan consequently rises abruptly and experience, will choose appropriate development way to offer for Chinese manufacturing industry be drawn lessons from benignantly and enlightenment.

因而研究英国、美国和日本等制造强国的制造业崛起的路径和经验，将为中国制造业选择适宜的发展道路提供有益的借鉴和启示。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

After profound systematic theoretical and testing reasearch of metal rubber mechanical property,manufacturing technology,macro-micro constitutive relation and metal rubber spring coupling technique, we present deep intercross wiring manufacturing technology,establish infinitesimal spring constitutive model,non-symmetry elastic hysteresis constitutive model,dissipation factor testing method based on equivalent stress function and key technique methods of metal rubber elastic damping fabrication.

我们针对金属橡胶力学性能、制造工艺、宏观、微观本构关系及金属橡胶制造弹性联轴器关键技术开展了系统深入的理论与实验研究，提出了基于深度交叉钩联编织技术的制造工艺方法、建立了微元弹簧组合的微观本构关系、非对称弹性变形滞迟泛涵宏观本构关系、基于等效应力函数概念的损耗因子测试方法和金属橡胶制造弹性阻尼元件关键技术。

With the development of high-tech, manufacturing industry has been come into a new field. As important design method of product, the technology of digital mock-up has been widely applied to manufacturing field.

进入二十一世纪以来，随着以计算机信息技术为基础的高新技术的迅猛发展，传统的制造业已经进入了一个新的发展领域。

The solar cell industry rapidly develops with an annual average growth rate of 30% in order to cope with the energy crisis and the environment pollution·The next task is how to im- prove the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, increase the production scale and decrease the manufacturing cost, which can reduce the cost of electricity generated by solar energy and make it reach the same as that by the normal method·The variety of the solar cell and its manufacturing technique,the bottle neck of the indus...

为了应对能源危机和环境污染，太阳能电池产业以平均年增长率为30%的速度飞速发展。摆在人们面前的课题是如何进一步提高转换效率、扩大生产规模和降低制造成本，使太阳能发电的成本降低到与常规发电相当的水平。介绍了太阳能电池的种类、制造方法、产业瓶颈和发展方向。

As a new manufacturing method developed at the end of the last century, Rapid Prototyping , compared with conventional manufacturing methods , has the advantages of timesaving ,precision and complex modeling .and has been applied in more and more manufacture fields wildly.

快速成型作为上世纪末发展起来的新型制造技术，与传统的机械技术相比，具有快速、准确地制造复杂模型的特点，在越来越多的制造领域得到了广泛的应用。

Provided is a wafer level CSP semiconductor device with the same size as a semiconductor substrate, in which the orientation of a semiconductor device cut into individual pieces and product information can be identified by a mark, indicating the orientation and the product information formable, irrespective of the size, shape and the number of terminals of the device without increasing the number of manufacturing processes, and its manufacturing method.

本发明提供一种在与半导体衬底尺寸相同的晶片级CSP半导体器件领域中，能够利用表示半导体器件的方向及产品信息的标记，来识别被切成单个的半导体器件的方向及产品信息的半导体器件及其制造方法，其中，该标记能够在与半导体器件尺寸、形状及端子数目无关，且在不增加制造工序数目的情况下形成。

"Yes, now you can give yourself airs," she said, you have got what you wanted.

"对了，您现在高兴了，"她说道，这是您所期待的。

Then the LORD said to me: Rebel Israel is inwardly more just than traitorous Judah.

上主于是对我说：＂失节的以色列比失信的犹大，更显得正义。