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北美洲安提瓜和巴布达巴巴多斯巴哈马巴拿马伯利兹多米尼加多米尼克哥斯达黎加格林纳达古巴海地洪都拉斯加拿大美国墨西哥尼加拉瓜萨尔瓦多圣基茨和尼维斯圣卢西亚圣文森特和格林纳丁斯特立尼达和多巴哥危地马拉牙买加美国生产制造直升飞机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造直升飞机价格；美国生产制造直升机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造直升机价格；美国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；美国生产制造二手直升机价格；美利坚合众国生产制造二手直升机价格；Mobile：+0086-13901623260； Chen surname；欧洲各国生产制造直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造直升机价格；欧洲各国生产制造直升机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升飞机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升机价格；欧洲各国生产制造二手直升机价格

Globalization manufacturing and network manufacturing have become a research focus in modem manufacturing field. Manufacturing Grid is the key technology sustention of network manufacturing and an infrastructure of integration and sharing of manufacturing resources through network. Manufacturing resources are encapsulated as standard and open grid services adopting grid and information technologies and shared in the form of high quality manufacturing services in Manufacturing Grid.

制造全球化和制造网络化是当前制造领域的研究热点，作为网络化制造的关键技术支撑和基于网络集成和共享制造资源的基础设施，制造网格利用网格技术和信息技术将制造资源封装成标准、开放的网格服务节点，向用户提供优质的制造服务。

Our plant develops usualness inter-access technology communication with more than ten international famous electric furnace manufacturing companys,and repeated visits to the foreign advanced electric furnace factories and institutes every year, learning and absorbing foreign advanced industrial furnace manufacturing technology and production processes, technology, special components of electric furnace improving technology, product upgrading technology, it makes our plant keep synchronization with the international advanced industrial furnace manufacturing technology no whether in the type,the updating of furnace, fundation material progress, components manufacturing technology progess , manufacturing automation, and the way the loading of the loading basket manufacturing technology, WDS lining energy saving techniques, ceramic fiber wave of high pressure tied ceiling stack technology, oxidation-free protection atmosphere, carburizing, nitriding, molten, salt bath, nitrate Austempered, precision heat treatment process, equational flow and temperature heat transfer asymmetric quenching tank manufacturing technology, microcomputer program heat treatment technology curve temperature control process , and so on can keep pace with internationa advanced industrial electric furance manfacturing technology.

我厂与国际十多家著名电炉制造公司开展经常性互访技术交流，每年多次前往国外先进电炉制造厂和研究所，学习并吸收国外先进的工业电炉制造技术和生产过程，工艺技术，电炉专用零部件改进技术，产品更新换代技术，使我厂工业电炉产品无论在品种类型，炉种更新，基础材料进步，零部件制造技术进步，制造工艺自动化，装料方式和装料筐制造技术方式，WDS炉衬节能技术，陶瓷纤维波浪叠法高压捆扎吊顶技术，无氧化保护气氛，渗碳，氮化，盐浴，硝盐等温淬火，精密热处理工艺，均流均温换热不对称淬火油槽制造技术，微电脑程序热处理工艺曲线控温等各个方面，能够与国际上先进工业电炉制造技术保持同步。

Both both me plant and international a dozen or more home in the front rank electric heater manufacturing company unfold recurrenting exchange visits exchange of know-how,per annum time after time head for abroad advance electric heater manufactory and look into ,study combine drink in abroad advanced industry electric heater manufacturing engineering AND production run, technical skill, electric heater dedication spare improve on technology, product replacement and update technology,take me plant industry electric heater product soever at variety type, kiln strain renewal, underpinning advancement, spare manufacturing engineering advancement, manufacturing engineering automation, loading pattern AND discharge basket manufacturing engineering approach, wds brasque power-saving technology, ceramic fiber wave stack normal height prick suspended ceiling technique, non-oxidation shielding gas atmosphere, carburize, nitride, salt bath, saltpetre salt austemper, precision heat treater art, flow equalization temperature equalization recuperation asymmetry oil quenching bath manufacturing engineering, microcomputer procedure heat treatment cycle curve control warm up grade spectrrm,in a position to and internationally advance industry electric heater manufacturing engineering held in.

我厂与国际十多家著名电炉制造公司开展经常性互访技术交流，每年多次前往国外先进电炉制造厂和研究所，学习并吸收国外先进的工业电炉制造技术和生产过程、工艺技术、电炉专用零部件改进技术、产品更新换代技术，使我厂工业电炉产品无论在品种类型、炉种更新、基础材料进步、零部件制造技术进步、制造工艺自动化、装料方式和装料筐制造技术方式、WDS炉衬节能技术、陶瓷纤维波浪叠法高压捆扎吊顶技术、无氧化保护气氛、渗碳、氮化、盐浴、硝盐等温淬火、精密热处理工艺、均流均温换热不对称淬火油槽制造技术、微电脑程序热处理工艺曲线控温等各个方面，能够与国际上先进工业电炉制造技术保持同步。

Shanghai Lingang New City, deputy director of the CMC, the Shanghai Lingang Economic Development Co., Ltd., chairman of Liu Ping, the current passenger vehicle Lingang Industrial area, the key pieces of the ship, power generation and transmission and distribution equipment, marine engineering equipment such as self-innovation-based equipment manufacturing base of the development framework has been formed basically, in the passenger vehicle manufacturing base, the SAIC independent innovation and self-brand vehicle and engine production bases have been built; The key pieces of the ship manufacturing base, the China Shipbuilding Mitsui projects, China Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Wartsila projects, Volvo times Tatsu project covers the low, middle and high-speed full range of marine engines, marine equipment, various types of enterprises started to gather support; in power generation and power transmission equipment manufacturing base, the production level of one million kilowatts nuclear power primary equipment, heavy-duty gas turbines, is extremely heavy equipment manufacturing capacity heavy electrical joint plant, as well as 1400 tons lifting capacity of 5000 tons berth conditions electrical Heavy Cargo Wharf has been completed and put into production; in the marine engineering equipment manufacturing base, the China Shipbuilding Group has started building a world-class large marine engineering and shipbuilding professionals supporting base; in the civil aviation industry support base, the China Aviation Industrial Group has signed an agreement with the city government , in the Lingang Industrial Area in Shanghai to set up an air base supporting industries.

上海临港新城管委会副主任、上海临港经济发展有限公司董事长刘家平介绍，目前临港产业区内乘用车整车、船舶关键件、发电及输配电设备、海洋工程设备等自主创新型装备制造业基地的发展框架已基本形成，在乘用车整车制造基地方面，上汽集团自主创新和自主品牌整车及发动机基地已建成投产；在船舶关键件制造基地方面，中船三井项目、中船重工瓦锡兰项目、沃尔沃遍达项目覆盖了低、中、高速全系列船用发动机，各类船用设备配套企业开始集聚；在发电及输变电设备制造基地方面，生产百万千瓦等级核电主设备、重型燃气轮机、具有极端重型装备制造能力的电气重装联合厂房，以及具有1400吨吊装能力、5000吨泊位条件的电气重件码头已建成投产；在海洋工程设备制造基地方面，中船集团已开工建设具有世界一流的大型海洋工程与船舶制造专业配套基地；在民用航空产业配套基地方面，中航工业集团已与市政府签署协议，在临港产业区设立上海民用航空产业配套基地。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

With the electrical connections at the top and bottom side of the wafer-level IC packaging Lead-frame structure and composition of the surface-mount semiconductor package structure Multi-layer printed circuit board Antifuse and its formation method and with the anti-fuse non-volatile memory device unit cell Tandem electric signal processing circuit and electronic device Light-emitting diode packaging structure and encapsulation method Electronic Packaging Structure Flip-chip high-speed optoelectronic components and structure Pairs of piezoelectric friction side by side to promote the three-step device and scanning probe microscope Light-emitting diode and its manufacturing method, the production base of light-emitting diode method Three or four parallel advance of stepping piezoelectric device and scanning probe microscope lens body Silicon substrate and its manufacturing method Semiconductor device and voltage-divider A polysilicon layer and the microcrystalline silicon layer of the double-substrate active layer structure, methods and devices The edge of the thickness of silicon controlled Of a lateral semiconductor devices and high-voltage devices With a vertical-channel transistors semiconductor device Of a memory array and for the manufacture of a memory array method Read-only memory cell array structure Active-matrix substrate and display device High-voltage semiconductor integrated circuit devices, dielectric isolated type semiconductor device Image sensing devices Lens module and its manufacturing methods Solid-state imaging device and camera Injection angle for the trench isolation Organic Light-Emitting Display Device Organic light-emitting display device Bipolar transistor structure of the surface passivation Double-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier HFET Metal-oxide semiconductor transistors Self-aligned trench accumulation mode field effect transistor structure Thin-film transistors and Display Devices TFT Lead Diode Low-frequency, low noise, low-flashing diode Used for thin-film solar cells trap light structure Transparent sun solar cells Quaternary semiconductor heterojunction photovoltaic cells heat Si nano-pillar array heterojunction thin-film solar cells GaN-based micro-composite solar cells isotope Optical sensor Semiconductor by optical components Imaging Detector Transparent conductive oxide coating Silicon-based high-performance dual-junction solar cells Thin-film solar cells Alien LED Devices

非专业，不在行，求高手帮忙。谢谢！具有顶部及底部侧电连接的晶片级集成电路封装导线架结构及其构成的表面黏着型半导体封装结构多层印刷电路板反熔丝及其形成方法和具有该反熔丝的非易失性存储器件的单位单元串联用电式信号处理电路及电子装置发光二极管的封装结构及其封装方法电子封装结构高速光电组件及其芯片倒装结构双压电体并排推动的三摩擦力步进器与扫描探针显微镜发光二极管及其制作方法、发光二极管的底座的制作方法三或四压电体并行推进的步进器及其扫描探针显微镜镜体硅衬底及其制造方法半导体装置与分压电路具多晶硅层及微晶硅层的双底材主动层结构、方法及装置硅晶片的受控边缘厚度一种半导体横向器件和高压器件具有垂直沟道晶体管的半导体器件一种记忆体阵列及其用于制造一记忆体阵列的方法只读内存单元阵列结构有源矩阵基板和显示装置高耐压半导体集成电路装置、电介质分离型半导体装置图像感测装置透镜模块及其制造方法固态成像装置和照相机用于沟道隔离的斜角注入有机电致发光显示装置有机发光显示装置双极晶体管的表面钝化结构双触发型可控硅整流器异质结场效应晶体管金属氧化物半导体晶体管自对准沟槽累加模式场效应晶体管结构薄膜晶体管及显示器件薄膜晶体管无铅二极管低频、低噪音、低闪烁的二极管用于薄膜太阳电池的陷光结构透明遮阳太阳能电池片四元半导体的异质结热光伏电池硅基纳米柱阵列异质结薄膜太阳能电池氮化镓太阳能同位素复合型微电池光学传感器半导体受光元件成像探测器透明导电氧化物涂层硅基高效双结太阳能电池薄膜太阳能电池异形LED器件

In this paper, the embedded technology, network and communication technology and theory of intelligence and technology are used to do research on manufacturing equipment in manufacturing systems to adapt to the networked digital environment, in order to achieve manufacturing equipment\'s capacities of self-adapting to the manufacturing environment, self-controlling its action on the processing, and integrating with heterogeneous manufacturing equipment.

本文利用嵌入式技术、网络与通信技术和智能理论与技术，针对制造系统底层制造装备的自律控制理论与关键技术展开研究，以实现制造装备具有对制造环境的自主适应能力、对加工行为的自律控制能力、与异构制造设备的集成能力。

Boking has been constantlyreformed ndinnovated its machinery manufacturing engineering for 12 years and has provided many manufacturing enterprises with good qualified machines, such as toy manufacturing,clothes manufacturing,hand-bag manufacturing and so on.

博金机械设备厂位于全球机械制造业最发达的广东东莞，工程技术源于玩具设备制造业最前沿的韩国，并在十二年的机械制造工艺中不断改革创新，已为国内外众多玩具、家纺、服装、手袋生产企业提供了性能优越的机械设备。

In this paper Ⅰ successfully applied these methods to fault diagnosis, and presenting some new innovative machinery fault diagnosis method; First Ⅰ present a new gear wornout fault diagnosis method, this method use the vibration signal's time-frequency attribute and instantaneous phase undulation to accurately detect gear's fault, and by comparing with the traditional frequency domain analysis method, this method reveals that many nonlinear and nonstationary characteristic exist in gear's vibration, this tell us that if we use frequency domain analysis method without pay attention to the signal's characteristic, we could get wrong diagnostic result; Then Ⅰ present a new bearing fault diagnosis method, this method use ATVFD and Hilbert transform to do envelop demodulation,Ⅰ analyze the envelop with time-frequency method and find out that this method is more accurate then traditional method.Ⅰ also explain that the modulation of the fault to the carrier wave may also be non-stationary and nonlinear; Finally Ⅰ present a cylinder pressure measurement method of diesel engine by means of vibration, cylinder pressure is an important parameter of diesel engine fault diagnosis, the pressure measuring is simplified a lot by this method,Ⅰ also use the ATVFD and time-frequency analysis to realize it.

本文中将上述理论方法成功地应用到故障诊断中去，提出了几点创新性的诊断方法；提出了一种齿轮磨损故障诊断的新方法，该方法利用振动信号能量的时频域分布特征与瞬时相位波动特征可以进行精确的齿轮故障诊断，并通过与传统的频域诊断方法的比较，揭示出齿轮振动中存在的明显的非线性与非平稳特征，说明了不加选择地利用频域分析方法进行齿轮故障诊断很可能会得到错误的诊断结果；提出了一种轴承故障诊断的新方法，该方法利用ATVFD分解与Hilbert变换进行包络解调，并对解调得到的包络信号进行时频域分析，可以实现更加准确轴承故障诊断，说明了故障对载波信号的调制往往也是非平稳与非线性的；提出了一种利用振动信号进行柴油机汽缸内压力检测的新方法，柴油机汽缸压力的变化是柴油机故障诊断的重要参数，利用振动方法可大大简化汽缸压力的检测过程，该方法也是综合利用ATVFD分解与时频域分析方法实现的。

Finally it offers the analysis of the fault-tolerance system as well as its test verification.

这样，运行于空间环境中的系统的设计目标就是在保证系统实时性

However, it is still difficult to find out the real reason of the increase of the keratinized gingiva during the orthodontic extrusion whether it is due to the proliferation of the gingival tissue or to its elastic nature, that is because the proliferation of the fibroblasts as well as the connective tissue changes in volume and the intra-fibers spaces were all immeasurable in most of the studies.

然而，仍然难以找到真正的原因增加的角化牙龈在正畸挤压它是否是由于扩散的牙龈组织或其弹性性质，这是因为增殖的成纤维细胞以及作为结缔组织的变化量和内部纤维空格都是不可估量的，大多数的研究。