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In this thesis,we mainly study complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. We study the topology of these manifolds via comparisonal geometry methods.In chapter 1 ,we will make a general description on the recent researches in our field.

在本文中，我们主要研究了Ricci曲率有下界完备非紧的Riemann流形的拓扑问题，在比较几何的基础上研究了有特定曲率条件的Riemann流形的拓扑，得到了有关其拓扑结构的一些结果。

In Chapter 5, the least-squares solutions bisymmetric matrix set of the matrix equation ATXA = B on two linear manifolds Si ={X BSRnxn\\\XY - Z\\ = min} and S2 ={X BSRnXn\XY = Z, YtTZi = ZjYu ZtffYi = Zi,i = 1,2, Y, Z e Rnxm}, by applying the singular value decomposition of matrix and the canonical correlation decomposition of matrix pairs, we obtain a general expression of the least-squares solutions of the matrix equation ATXA = B on two linear manifolds.

在第五章，我们研究了两类线性流形S_1={X∈BSR~|‖XY-Z‖=min}和S_2={X∈BSR~|XY=Z，Y_i~TZ_i=Z_i~TY_i，Z_iY_i+Y_i=Z_i，i=1，2，Y，Z∈R~}上矩阵方程A~TXA=B的双对称最小二乘解。

Then it proves a necessary and sufficient condition for anamalgamation of two 3-manifolds with toms boundary with no new incompressible surfaces.Lastly, with the help of the condition and the theorem about the classification of allautomorphisms of a torus, it is proveed that there exists infinitely many 3-manifolds each ofwhich contains no incompressible surfaces besides a torus.

最后，文章给出了以环面作为边界的两个3维流形在作融合积时不产生新的不可压缩曲面的一个充分必要条件，并将这个结果与关于环面到自身的自同胚类的分类的结果相结合，证明了本文的一个核心结论，即存在无穷多个互不同胚的3维流形满足除了一个环面以外不含有其他的不可压缩曲面。

The first 10 chapters study cohomolgy of open set in Euclidean space,treat smooth manifolds and their cohomology and end with integration on manifolds.

全书分四章：范畴与函子及其在模论中的应用；特殊模与相应的维数；环模复形的同调理论；谱序列。

Ballast manifolds shall be equipped with not immersed shut off valves separating the system in three sections each one separately connectable to the suction and delivery manifolds of each one of the two pumps and to the sea chests.

压载总管应配有不会被浸到的截止阀，截止阀将系统分割为独立的三段（左舷段、中部段和右舷段），每个截止阀都可独立地与吸口相连并可将两台泵中的任何一台的总管输送到海底门。

Using the continuity method, we will obtain a theorem of existence of solutions to the equation on 4-dimensional compact Riemannian Manifolds.Finally, we will consider a kind of Kazdan-Warner type equation on compact complex manifolds.

作为上述工作的补充，我们讨论了规范固定Yang-Mills方程，并用连续性方法得到了一个在四维紧致黎曼流形上解的存在性定理。

Libermann.The early researcheson this kind of manifolds were closely related to Physics and Mechanics.But since1991,S.Kaneyuki published his result on the algebraic condition for the existence ofinvariant〓structures on a coset space,Lie theory has played the most impor-tant role in the study of this kind of manifolds.In particular,dipolarizations in a Liealgebra are closely related to the homogeneous〓manifolds.Dipolarizationsin semisimple Lie algebras and the homogeneous〓manifolds associated withthese dipolarizations have been studied by S.Kaneyuki,Z.X.Hou and S.Q.Deng.Inthe partⅡ of this thesis we study the dipolarizations in some quadratic Lie algebrasand the homogeneous parakahler manifolds associated with these dipolarizations.

Libermann给出的，早期的有关类流形的研究与物理和力学密切相关，自从1991年金行壮二发表了陪集空间上存在不变仿凯勒结构的代数化结果后，李群及李代数理论在这类流形的研究中起着主要作用，特别地，李代数的双极化与这类流形密切相关，半单李代数的双极化的相关几何，金行壮二，候自新和邓少强等人已作了研究，二次李代数是比半单李代数更广且带有非退化不变双线性型的李代数，本文主要研究了二次代数的双极化及相关几何。

In this paper we define the concept of Projective Blaschke manifolds and extend the theory of equiaffine differential geometry to the projective Blaschke manifolds. We prved that if M be a complete projective Blaschke n-sphere and its universal covering manifold is isometric to a complete (n+1) dimensional parabolic, elliptic or hyperbolic affine hypersphere, then M is a quotient space of E^n, S^n or D^n by a isometric subgroup of its corresponding spaces.

在这篇文章中我们定义了射影Blaschke流形的概念，将等仿射微分几何的理论推广到了射影Blaschke流形，并证明：如果n维完备射影Blaschke 超球面 M 的通用覆盖流形分别是完备的抛物型、椭圆型或双曲型仿射球，则M分别是n维欧氏空间、n维超球面或n维单位圆盘关于各自空间的一个等距离散子群的商，从而对完备射影Blaschke 超球面进行了分类。

In differentiable manifolds, one studies for instance differentiable structure, definition of differential manifolds, diffeomorphism, tangent space, Embedding theorem, partitions of unity etc.

微分流形部分主要涉及微分结构，微分流形的定义及例子，可微映射，微分同胚，切空间与余切空间，流形的嵌入，单位分解定理等。

In Chapter 2,we give some preparations about the basic knowledge of 4-manifolds, spin 4-manifolds and group actions on manifolds....

主要介绍了4-流形的基本概念，4-流形上的Spin几何以及流形上的群作用等方面的基本知识。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。