查询词典 mandibular

The first three largest number of missing teeth is as follows: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar and mandibular first molar. The first three largest number of resident teeth is as follows: mandibular cuspid, mandibular bicuspid and maxillary cuspid. The cases without occusal relationship account for 19.51%; and the cases which need occlusal reconstruction or occlusal elevation account for 19.51% of all the cases, while food impaction exists in 21.84% cases.

结果：本组老年人平均缺失牙齿9.10颗，缺失最多的前3位牙齿是上颌第一磨牙、上颌第二磨牙和下颌第一磨牙；余留最多的前3位牙齿是下颌尖牙、下颌第一双尖牙和上颌尖牙。19.51%的病例颌骨间无咬合接触关系，19.51%的病例修复时需咬合重建或咬合抬高；21.84%的病例修复前存在食物嵌塞。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODSThe intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODS The intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

Results: Mandibular fracture occurred mainly in male, and between the age of 20 to 29 years; the major cause was traffic accidents; the most common site of mandibular fracture was chin; and the fracture of the middle face, especially the upper jaw fractures was the main coexisted wound with mandibular fracture; intermaxillary fixation was the main treantment, but has been replaced by internal fixation.

结果：264例下颌骨骨折中男性多于女性，好发年龄为20～29岁；各类损伤原因中，车祸最多；骨折部位以颏部最多；最常见的合并伤为颌面部其他部位骨折，其中以上颌骨骨折的发生率最高；颌间牵引复位固定是本研究中最多的治疗手段，近年来已逐渐被坚强内固定所取代，并取得较好的治疗效果。

objectiveto search a simple, safe and effective method for correction of prominent mandibular angle and malar under localanesthesia.methodsaccording to the patient' s condition with prominent mandibular angle and malar, abrasive osteoplasty was performed using the special designed grinding burs with protecting sheath through intraoral incisions under local anaesthsia.resultsfrom 2004 to 2008, we have performed 35 patients with prominent mandibular angle and malar using this method.

目的：探讨一种安全、简便、有效的下颌角肥大及颧骨突出矫治术。方法：根据下颌角肥大及颧骨突出的情况，在局部浸润麻醉下，由口内入路，应用颌面骨电动手术器械行下颌角、颧骨磨削术。结果：2004～2008年，我们共实施35例该手术，所有病例治疗过程顺利，未出现骨折、大出血等并发症，经过1～36个月的随访，所有患者均对术后效果满意。

Methods 23 patients with mandibular prognathism and 9 with mandibular hypoplasia were undergone mandibular setback or advancement respectively by way of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.13 parameters were measured using lateral cephalometric X-ray films taken before and post treatment.

下颌前突患者23例与小颌畸形患者9例，分别行双侧矢状劈开后退或前徙下颌，手术前后拍摄X线头颅定位侧位片，进行头影测量，测量项目13项，测量数值配对t检验，并将下颌后退距离与各测量项目变化值作相关分析。

Many studies about mandibular functional protrusion show that the mandibular postural position is changed and the activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle increases after the appliance is inserted and the proliferation of the condylar cartilage leads to the increases of the mandibular length.

对功能矫形前伸下颌的大量研究表明，前伸下颌的矫治器改变了下颌的姿势位，下颌前伸肌功能活动加强，明显促进了髁突和下颌骨增生，下颌骨综合长度增加。

The horizontal facial growth pattern displayed significantly more facial flattening and more mandibular forward rotation than did the vertical group (3)During female puberty, the increasing height of mandibular ramus take the most important role in full mandibular height increasing, while the increasing length of mandibular base take the most important role in the full mandibular length increasing.

从高峰期前到高峰期后，全下颌高度的增加主要贡献是下颌升支的高度，全下颌长度的增加主要贡献是下颌体的长度；女性垂直面部生长型下颌高度的增加比水平面部生长型的增加明显；随着年龄的增长，水平面部生长型比垂直面部生长型面部更平。

RESULTS: Twelve days after mandibular vertical functional positioning the condylar height increased. Nine days after mandibular vertical functional positioning the thickness of prechondroblast layer and chondroblast layer increased significantly compared with control groups. However the thickness of hypertrophic layer decreased significantly after 6 days' mandibular repositioning. No change was found in the thickness of mesenchymal layer during the experimental period.

结果：下颌垂直向功能性移位后12d，髁突高度较对照组显著增加，前斜面更倾斜；髁突后上区前成软骨细胞及成软骨细胞层厚度在实验第3~6天无明显差异，第9天开始出现显著变化，实验组较对照组显著增厚，这种变化持续到实验第12天；肥大软骨细胞层厚度在实验第3、9、12天，实验组与对照组无显著差异，在实验第6天较对照组显著减少，间充质细胞层变化不大。

The Go moved backward with 1.35mm and upward with 1.90mm in group I, the gonial angle increased for 3.69°, and angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane was increased for 5.00°; In group II, the Go moved backward with 1.85mm and upward with 3.32mm , the gonial angle increased for 4.06°, and angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane was increased for 5.22°. Both in group I and II, there was a tread for clockwise rotation of mandibular corpus. The length of pterygomasseteric sling was mild increased due to the backward movement of Go.

在Go点的变动方面，在Me点向前位移的族群里，术后Go点平均向后1.35mm，向上1.90mm， gonial angle 平均增大3.69度，腭平面与下颚平面的夹角则是增加5.00度；在Me点向后位移的族群里，术后Go点平均向后1.85mm，向上3.32mm， gonial angle 平均增大4.06度，腭平面与下颚平面的夹角则是增加5.22度，不论是向前或是向后的族群，结果皆显示翼咀嚼肌悬吊带有轻微被拉长的迹象。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。