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The function of teaching is to cerate the conations and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read.

教育的功能是创造学习的欲望和气氛，使孩子们能够设计出一种最有效的方式来自学阅读。

Within the industry, the adjective most often used to describe Mr Ghosn's plan to make the Renault-Nissan Alliance the first big manufacturer of zero-emission vehicles is "bold"—in other words, somewhere between very risky and certifiably mad.

Ghosn先生打算让雷诺-日产联盟的成为零排放车辆的第一大制造商的计划，"胆大妄为"成为在业界内最常用来形容该计划的形容词——换句话说，他的计划非常危险，或者说非常疯狂。

We are lucky to see the emergence of a new town in 10 years' time-the same undertaking would have taken our ancestors several generations to make. On the other hand, it is a pity to chuck away too many relics along with other old things and as a result, Guangzhou becomes a most stylishness and characterless city as it is now.

我们这一代，有幸在十年间目睹了一座新城的崛起，这是祖辈需要几代人才能经历的沧海桑田，愚公移山；却不幸丢掉了太多老砖古瓦，让"Canton"变成被称为"最说不清"和"最没有个性"的广州。

So its necessary to take a research on this subject. Micro fluidic chips are a special use of Micro system in modern medicine and analysis chymistry. Micro fluidic chips are made in batchs in our country now, but it is necessary to inspect the Micro quality of them as we can make them used widely.The depth measurement of micro channels is one of the most important task in the inspection of micro fluidic chips.

微流控芯片是微系统在现代医学和分析化学中的一个实际应用，目前微流控芯片已经在我国开始大量的加工制造，但微流控芯片要广泛的运用，必须对生产的芯片的各个尺寸进行微观的质量检测，微流控芯片流道深度检测是芯片尺寸检测的一个重要内容，本文开展的基于D.F.D。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

"The thing that I wasn't the most comfortable with is that all of the sudden, I come on the scene, all of these people are putting these labels on me," Ervin said. They wanted to make me a part of whatever pertained to them.

这一切来得太突然，让我感觉不是最舒服，我出现在了电视屏幕上，那些人对我对我随意评论，想让我成为他们所希望的人。

It's never an entirely comfortable prospect, even when Arsenal are going out of their way to make it look like one, by playing chaotically most of the time, contriving to have a comically woeful home record and conveniently losing key personnel to injury in the run-up to the match.

阿森纳从来都不是个让人舒心的对手，即使本赛季他们竭尽全力的展现让我们放心的一面。他们为此所做的努力包括：在大多数时候踢得混乱不堪，故意在主场取得如此滑稽的糟糕战绩，并在与蓝军的大战之前，很合时宜的宣布几位主力球员的伤停。

Methods of measuring the input components, their prices and output elements are given. We put forward some new methods in measuring components, including composite depreciation rate, equality working hours, and proxy of input resources. Using the mature methods of efficiency measurement and decomposition available, we make a detailed investigation into 4 listing companies of oil industry with a span of 12 periods. Basic conclusions we draw include: labor inputs affects oil field output mostly in China; China oil fields operates in a low technical efficiency level average of 0.61; Increasing difficulties with expanding output has the greatest influence on cost; Cost efficiency of China oil fields averages at 1.47; Total factor productivity of China oil fields averages at 10%, accounting for 79% of the total output growth rate of 12.6%; Frontier technology progress contributes the most to TFP of China oil fields with 17 percentage points.

本文沿用了已有文献中关于效率计量与分解的成熟方法，对我国三家油田上市公司与一家上市石油公司12个时期的技术效率与成本效率进行了详细的计量、分解与分析，得到的基本结论有：劳动力投入是影响我国油田上市公司产出的最重要的影响因素；油田的平均技术效率仅为0.61；产出项是影响成本的显著因素，这说明随着产出增加而出现的开采难度增加是导致开采成本增加的重要因素；油田的平均成本效率为1.47；全要素生产率的增长平均在10％左右，占到了产出平均增长率12.6％的79％，表明我国油田的生产率的提高主要是依靠全要素生产率的提高而实现的，只有21％左右的产出增长是依靠要素投入而实现的；前沿技术进步是油田全要素生产率增长的主要源泉，在2001～2004年期间，前沿技术进步对油田生产率的贡献高达17个百分点。

This paper gives a simple idea about the problems existing in students' writing: 1 psychological blockage, such as anxiety, lack of interest so on and so forth. 2 Chinglish frequently appears in Chinese students' composition. That is to say Chinese students often use Chinese way of thinking to writing English composition. 3 When Chinese students write, they usually commit intralingual error. Intralingual error is the mistake that students often make when they choosing words, making sentences. It also includes grammar mistake. 4 Chinese students often don't know how to organize the ideas when they face the composition topic. As a result, the compositions written by most of Chinese students don't have clear topic sentence. 5 Chinese students' compositions are usually very boring and dull. Based on the problems that exit in Chinese students' composition, this paper put forward five teaching strategies: 1 English teachers should foster positive emotion when they teach writing.

本课题简单阐述了中学生英语写作中普遍存在的5个问题：1、对英语写作存在心理障碍，比如畏惧心理等；2、中学生英语作文存在大量"中国式英语"，即学生经常借用汉语思维进行英语写作，使得文中出现不符合英文习惯的句子和表达；3、中学生在进行英语写作时经常犯言内错误，言内错误指学生在用词，造句及句法等方面经常容易犯的错误；4、中学生在面临所给的作文题目时不知道如何审题，写出来的作文中心思想不明确；5、中学生英语作文普遍存在内容单调贫乏的问题。

Japanese companies make full use of advanced computing Machine technology, the pilot mode of management and broad software market, use of the advantages of talent , In a short period of time, the comprehensive development of the international's most advanced software development technology And a number of large companies and Japan to cooperate in a number of research and development-oriented Japan Software applications, products directly exported to Japan.

公司充分利用日本先进的计算机技术、先导的管理模式和广阔的软件市场，利用人才的优势，在较短的时间内，综合发展了国际上最先进的软件开发技术，并和日本多家大型公司进行合作，研究开发了许多面向日本的应用软件，产品直接销往日本。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。