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The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Analyzing the relation between earthquake and structure distortion, main fault belt, crust, upper mantle, ground fracture, hotspring, geotherm, conductance frame, stress state in Guanzhong area is analyzed with earthquake mechanism, isoseismal line, crustal stress measure, fault displacement measure, and simulating test results. Earthquake formation mechanism is discussed with dynamics mechanism in Guanzhong base. There are 3 forces and a good medium environment, which are main reasons caused earthquake happened in Guanzhong area. The first force is NE and NEE level extrusion one which is parallel with long axis of Guanzhong base. The second one is level strain which is vertical with long axis of the base.

对地震与构造形变、主要断裂带、地壳及上地幔、地裂缝、温泉和地热、电性结构等关系进行了分析研究，通过震源机制解、地震等烈度线、地应力测量、断层位移测量及模拟试验等成果，分析了关中地区的地应力状态，从关中盆地的动力学机制，对该区的地震成因机制进行了探讨，认为与关中盆地长轴平行的NE和NEE向的水平挤压力、与盆地长轴方向垂直的水平张力及地幔上涌力三组力的作用，加之壳内高导层这一有利的介质环境，是导致关中地区地震发生的主要原因。

Main behaviour of social nature is: compelling force, adjustment, general availability, procedure and culture. The logicality mainly shows by: assuming the form, arrangement of ideas and scientificalness handling sanction. Technicality shows by: main characteristics such a accuracy, rigorousness, authority, being realistic and high-efficient.

社会性主要表现为：强制力、调节性、通用性、可依据性、程序性和文化性；逻辑性主要表现为：假定－处理－制裁格式、层次性和科学性；技术性主要表现为：准确无误性、严谨周密性、权威性、求实性高效性。

According to officers in the NATO-led force, the first priority will be to reclaim the ring-road, Afghanistan's main artery, around which the main population centres are concentrated.

北约部队的官员们认为，首要的任务是收回作为阿富汗主干线的环城公路，主要的居民点都集中在环城公路附近。

Secondly, the simulative software has been made using MATLAB to simulate the suspensory point load、 velocity、 acceleration and pure toque of speed reducer shaft of pumping unit on any place and the displacement、 velocity、 acceleration of main component of pumping unit and the forces of linked point of two components, so the changes of the motion and the force of pumping unit and the geometry parameters' influence on the main performances of pumping unit have been dynamic analyzed.

其次，利用MATLAB，编制了仿真软什，对抽油机在任意位置时的悬点载荷、速度、加速度和减速器输出轴抓矩以及抽油机主要构件的位移、速度、加速度利各构件连接点的受力等进行了仿真，从而动态地分析了抽油机的运动利受力变化及几何参数对抽油机主要性能的影响情况。

The aerostatic stability analysis of the gantries and main arch ribs under wind load is accomplished by ANSYS program. Firstly, the CFD module of ANSYS is used to compute the aerostatic force coefficients of arch ribs sections. And then, the static and stability analysis of gantries and main arch ribs under several construction statuses is completed.

门式膺架和主拱肋的静风稳定性分析利用ANSYS程序进行，首先通过ANSYS的CFD模块计算主拱肋断面的静力三分力系数，然后对门式膺架和主拱肋进行各种施工状态下的静力和稳定性分析。

Its principle is use feed pump to put the premixed material into the host milling barrel in which proper mill medium is addedand reasonable designed arc line style blades are installed on the main axis symmetrically.Explosion proof machine transits the energy used for separating and milling to main axis through static electricity proof V tape belt to drive blade rotate in high speed, thus it will offer mill medium with high intensity function which can drive beads do random motion and bump with separated grain to create strong cutting force and then cut the material into ion or dissociation,thereby the material will keep in permanent ultramicron separation state.

其原理是利用送料泵浦将预先已搅拌好的物料送入主机研磨桶内，研磨桶内加入适量的研磨介质，合理设计的弧线型葉片对称地安装在主轴上，防爆電机通过防静電V型皮带把分散和研磨所需的能量传送到主轴上带动分散葉片高速转动，给予研磨介质以高强度的动能，带动珠子无规则运动与被分散物料之颗粒撞击产生强大的剪切力，使物料变为离子或游离子从而达到永久的超细微粒分离状态。

As younger generation has been making the main part for the sake of the socialism building, taking shape voluntarily in their heart of hearts from the cognition , trusting and falling to rule of law, removing externally outside force, socialism rule of law possess the substantial community psychology base and subjective essence of community main part. The China community sequence possess cheaply controller of essence, but be able to withstand violative action and crime.

只有当青年一代成为了社会主义建设的主要主体，形成了排除外在强制的对法治的认知、归属和信赖的内心自觉时，社会主义法治才有了坚实的社会心理基础，才有了社会主体的主体性精神，中国的社会秩序才会有廉价却能自律抵御违法犯罪的精神控制器。

A new study idea that makes the occupant injury prevention research and CAD/CAE technology on an integrate mathematical model by means of feature theories and feature design technologies was brought, and it is maybe useful if we study automobile passive safety on a new view of point.The conclusions of this thesis included that what are the main factors of airbag-related injuries and the preventive measures, based on the research of the relationships between injury parameters, such as HIC, chest acceleration, neck force, neck moment, femur axial force etc, and impact speed, belt-use, occupant size (50th and 5th), sitting position and so on. The thesis evaluated whether the effectiveness of the airbag can be increased by making the airbag adaptive to the crash conditions, and points out that the size of the ventilation hole has the dominating influence on the performance of the airbag and is a key factor for intelligent airbag, multi-stage and lower-power inflator can cost effectively minimize the risk of injury to occupants from crashes. It is important for the researchers of intelligent airbag to keep the small size unbelted occupants in focus and it is necessary to study deeply the influence of airbag fold patterns and the extremity out-of-position situation. These topics are important in the study of occupant injury prevention and vehicle safety design.

论文研究得出产生气囊损伤的主要原因和防护措施；在研究汽车碰撞速度、安全带使用情况、乘员的体型5~(th和50~、乘员乘坐的位置等不同事故条件作用下，乘员的头部、颈部、胸部和腿部损伤参数变化规律的基础上，论文从能量因素出发，深入研究了安全气囊卸载能力、气体发生器产气能力和气囊折叠对乘员损伤参数的影响，指出起卸载作用的排气孔其截面积是智能型安全气囊最重要的控制参数之一，以及采用降能展开或二次充气气囊有助于提高汽车安全防护性等重要结论；论文在参数分析的基严内容提要2 础上得出的智能型安全气囊应以不佩戴安全带的5乘员作为主要防护目标进行研究、有必要深入研究气囊折叠形式和司机处于极端离位状况时对损伤参数的影响等结论，对深入进行汽车乘员碰撞损伤研究和汽车安全性设计都具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。

Strong push force from the India plate is the main driving force of current tectonic deformation in South Tibet, and the gravity is another important factor.

印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲推挤是该区域变形的主要驱动力，重力作用对其变形也有重要贡献。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。