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The end mill cutter is one of the most important cutters of milling machines, and the magnitude of cutting forces and varies of forces position are main keys that influence dimensional precision and surface roughness of the machined surface.

中文摘要端铣刀是铣床切削最重要的刀具之一，而端铣刀侧铣之切削力大小及力量位置的变化则是影响侧铣面的尺寸精度及表面粗度的主要关键。

Compare with tunable filter detection technique, the wavelength measurement technique using tunable source is analyzed theoretically. We design a kind of all-fiber sensing interrogation system, by using long-period fiber grating as edge filter to interrogate the sensing signal of the FBG sensor. The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm.A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties.

利用波登管对于压力的机械放大作用，研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了两个数量级，特别是这一传感器的压力灵敏度的大小可以通过改变悬臂梁自身的参数灵活控制；采用聚合物封装技术，将FBG封装于具有不同力学特性的有机聚合物基底中，利用基底的带动作用，将FBG对压力的灵敏度分别提高了20倍和31.7倍，由于我们采用了特殊的工艺，封装后的FBG不出现任何光栅啁啾；在成功封装的基础上对封装光栅的蠕变效应、FBG与封装材料之间的防滑处理等进行了实验研究；设计了外加圆柱形铝管的聚合物封装光纤光栅，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了1430倍，可用于对微小压力变化的精确测量。

The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm. A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties. Due to the driving effect of the polymer substrate, the enhanced pressure sensitivity is more than 20 times and 31. 7 times than that of a bare fiber grating. The packaged grating exhibits no significant chirp due to the adoption of special packaging technique.

全部采用国产元器件，成功地研制了掺铒光纤超荧光宽带光源，并将其组装成仪器；设计了利用可调谐FBG滤波器对光纤光栅传感信号进行检测的实验方案，对这一传感检测方案进行了理论分析和实验研究，由于采用了高性能的光电测量系统，传感测量的波长分辨率可达2pm，对应的应变分辨率为1.7με，在此基础上对FBG的波分复用传感特性进行了研究；对比调谐滤波检测技术，对光纤光栅可调谐光源波长检测技术进行了理论分析；采用长周期光纤光栅作为边带滤波器，对光纤布拉格光栅的传感信息进行解调，设计了一种全光纤传感测试系统，其波长分辨率可达0.05nm。

Morsels ready for the mouth involves a complex of interrelated variables that is highly distinctive when compared with other food traditions of major magnitude.

食品准备口涉及一个复杂的相互关联的变量，是非常独特的比较，与其他食品的传统，大地震。

In just the last few days naked-eye estimates put it around magnitude 1.7 or 1.6, its brightest yet.

就在过去几天里delta达到了最亮，目视星等估计为1.7或1.6等。

This image captures the new naked-eye comet at about 2nd magnitude in twilight skies near sunset on January 3rd.

这张照片捕抓最新的彗星的影像，大约是两个星等，在一月三日日出时刻的清晨天空。

At a relatively bright magnitude of +8, M104 is just beyond the limit of naked-eye visibility and is easily seen through small telescopes.

草帽星系的亮度为+8星等，亮度水平刚刚超过人裸眼的观测范围，通过小型望远镜即可轻易看到它。

In the decoder,a closed loop estimation of the impulse magnitude is proposed to improve the naturalness of speech and the articulation of nasals.

该算法可以提供良好的合成语音质量，DRT测试结果达到88.55分。

Super-frame structure with 2 base frames and 4 interpolate frames is used, the LPC coefficients of interpolate frames is quantized with 4 stages residual matrix quantization based on optimal 1-order linear prediction. In the decoder, a closed loop estimation of the impulse magnitude is proposed to improve the naturalness of speech and the articulation of nasals.

插值帧的线性预测参数采用基于闭环最优一阶线性预测的4阶段残差矩阵量化；在解码端，提出了闭环的激励脉冲幅度估计方法，提高了合成语音的自然度与鼻音音节的清晰度。

May 12, 2008, magnitude 7.9 earthquake that struck near Chengdu in the Eastern Sichuan region of China.

2008年5月12日在中国四川省东部成都附近发生7.9级大地震。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。