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In this paper, through a series of experiments, two series of quaternary-ammounium Gemini surfactants were synthesized, namely the pair alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant m-s-m·2Br and the pair the alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant -s-·2Br. We has carried on the attribute with the infrared spectrum to its structure, and to affected the factor which the synthesis pair the alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant responded to carry on the discussion. We has discovered the synthesis pair the ethylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant m-2-m·2Br optimum condition: The bromo alkane and a tetramethyl ethylene diamine mole of ratio is 3.0: 1.0, makes the solvent by the ethyl alcohol, 80℃ under responds for 48 hours in the backflow temperature; Synthesis pair alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant 12-S-12 ·2Br optimum condition: 12 tertiary amine and 1, 3- propylene dibromide (1, 4- two bromines butane) a mole of ratio is 2.2: 1.0, makes the solvent by the ethyl alcohol, responds for 48 hours in the constant temperature 80 ℃ under backflow.

本文通过一系列的实验，合成了两个系列的Gemini型表面活性剂，即双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂m-s-m·2Br和双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂-s-·2Br，用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征，并且对影响合成双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂反应的因素进行了讨论，找出了合成双乙撑双季铵盐表面活性剂m-2-m·2Br的最佳条件：溴代烷与四甲基乙二胺的摩尔比为3.0：1.0，以乙醇作溶剂，在回流温度80℃下反应48小时；合成双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂12-s-12·2Br的最佳条件：十二叔胺与1，3-二溴丙烷(1，4-二溴丁烷)摩尔比为2.2：1.0，以乙醇作溶剂，在恒温80℃下回流反应48小时。

Anemometer starts at the speed of 0.8 m/s. The measuring range is from 1 m/s to 28 m/s with tolerance of 0.4 m/s. On the other hand, anemoscope uses infrared transmitter, receiver and Gray code to yield 4-bit digital signals, resulting in an accuracy of 22.5°.

风速计启动风速值为0.8 m/s，量测范围由1 m/s至28 m/s，误差约在0.4 m/s之内；风向计则采用红外线发射器与接收器以及葛雷码三者之组合，产生4位元16 个方位的数位讯号，其精确度为。

Results show that detonation velocity of compound explosive declines from 3100 m·s-1 to 2100 m·s-1 when mass ratio of attenuant rises from 20% to 60%(explosive loading thickness is 30 mm ),and the density of compound explosive rises from 0.615 g·cm-3 to 0.76 g·cm-3 when mass ratio of attenuant rises from 20% to 50%.

结果显示，当稀释剂含量从20%增加到60%时，混合炸药的爆速(药厚：30 mm)由3100 m·s-1降到2100 m·s-1，炸药的密度也由0.615 g·cm-3增加到0.76 g·cm-3(稀释剂含量： 20%~50%)；稀释剂含量为50%的混合炸药，当药厚在25~50 mm范围内时，爆速保持在2300~2360 m·s-1之间。

Effects of artificial reefs and their compounds on flow field have been studied through wind tunnel experiments under conditions of 6 m/s, 9 m/s and 12 m/s, on such single AR models with different shapes of cube, pyramid and triangular prism.

中文摘要：针对正方体、金字塔及三棱柱人工鱼礁模型，选取3个不同工况6 m/s、9 m/s和12 m/s，通过风洞实验研究不同类型人工鱼礁单体和不同组合正方体模型的流场效应。

The results show that for the single-track shield tunnel in actual projects,the longitudinal ventilation velocity of 2.6~2.9 m/s can effectively prevent smoke from counter flow at a heat release rate of 10 MW;when the tunnel sector on fire with a longitudinal velocity of 2.9 m/s and the unfired tunnel sector with the velocity of 1~1.5 m/s from both ends,there is an air flow with the velocity of 6 m/s ...

模拟分析得出，对于地铁实际工程中的单线盾构圆形隧道，在10 MW火灾强度下，着火区间隧道内2.6~2.9 m/s左右的纵向风速可以有效阻止烟气发生逆流；在着火区间隧道2.9 m/s的纵向风速下，未着火区间隧道两端对送送风速度为1~1.5 m/s时，联络通道内有风速为6 m/s左右的气流流向着火区间隧道，可有效抑制烟气通过联络通道向未着火区间隧道蔓延，保证人员的安全疏散。

But it has more complicated velocities in the working area, and it locally develops high-speed boulder bed in neocene Xiyu Formation with a velocity 3700—4050m/s, its adjacent formation velocity: 2800—2900m/s; while it also develops low velocity gyprock that has a great variation in thickness (with an increasing thickness from south to north) with a velocity about 4000 m/s, its adjacent formation velocity: about 5000 m/s. And all this is the cause of the complexity of the velocity in this working area; thus to make the No.1 structure in northern YK reliable, in velocity modeling it has much research work to do, and it is also the topic of this graduation thesis.

但在工区内速度较为复杂，工区内局部发育上第三系西域组高速砾岩层，速度约在3700—4050m/s ，围岩速度约在2800—2900m/s，同时全区还发育有厚度变化较大的低速膏岩层，膏盐层的速度大约在4000 m/s，围岩的速度大约在5000 m/s，由此造成了本工区速度的复杂性，因此要准确落实亚肯北1号构造，还要在速度建模等方面做许多的研究工作，这也是本次毕业论文所要研究的课题。

Study shows the diurnal wind cycle on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma as: calm wind period near the sunrise, wind speed lower than 1 m/s; weak up-valley flow in the morning; and strong down-valley flow, max. wind speed over 12 m/s at 250 m height, from the noon to late night.

研究表明，珠峰北坡地区局地环流日变化为，日出前后河谷内的静风，风速低于1 m/s；上午沿河谷上行的弱偏北气流；中午到午夜以后沿河谷下行的强烈偏南气流，最大平均风速可达到12 m/s以上，高度在250 m左右。

Firstly, saltating sand grains in various height layers mostly rotate clockwise; the rate of counterclockwise rotation changes from 16.7 to 33.3% for three different friction wind speed (u*= 0.67, 0.83, and 0.87 m/s). However, their mean rotational speeds were not significantly different, irrespective of whether the grains rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. The mean counterclockwise rotational speeds of sand grains for friction wind speed u*= 0.67, 0.83, and 0.87 m/s were 427, 519, and 604 rev/s, versus 429, 522, and 609 rev/s, respectively, in the clockwise direction.

首先，风沙流中各高度层内跃移沙粒旋转均以顺时针方向为主，逆时针方向旋转的沙粒数仅占总数的16.7-29.5%，但是无论逆时针还是顺时针旋转的沙粒，它们的平均旋转速度几乎没有差别(如u*＝0.67 m/s时，分别为427 rev/s和429 rev/s；u*＝0.83 m/s，分别为519 rev/s和522 rev/s；u*＝0.87 m/s，分别为604 rev/s和609 rev/s)；不同摩阻风速条件下各高度层内沙粒的旋转速度均服从Lorentzian分布。

After addition of surface active agent into sprinkling solution, for particle of 1 μm size, the filtration rate has increased from 40% to 70% approximately under the condition of head wind velocity of 1.5 m/s and spr4nkling density of 2.36 kg/(m^2s), and the filtration rate has increased from 30% to 60% approximately under the condition of head wind velocity of 2.8 m/s and sprinkling density of 2.36 kg/(m^2s).

在喷淋溶液中添加表面活性剂后，对于粒径为1 μm的尘粒，在迎面风速为1.5 m/s、淋水密度为2.36 kg/的条件下，过滤效率由40%左右上升至70%左右。在迎面风速为2.8 m/s、淋水密度为2.36 kg/条件下，过滤效率由30%左右上升至60%左右。

Based on analyses of observations from the short-spaced GPS receiver array at Wuhan, the storm-time ionospheric irregularities which resulted in scintillations and rapid TEC fluctuations showed westward drifts between 21∶30 and 03∶00 LT with drift velocities changing from ~40 to ~130 m/s. And based on analyses of observations from the ultra-short spaced GPS receiver chain at Guilin, ionospheric irregularities which resulted in the L-band radio wave scintillations, showed eastward drifts around local midnight ranging from ~70 to ~55 m/s on the quiet-day and westward drifts ranging from ~150 to ~50 m/s before the midnight and eastward drifts after the midnight ranging from ~25 to ~65 m/s on the disturbed day.

短间距台网和超短间距台链观测实例的计算结果表明，暴时武汉地区引起TEC快速起伏的电离层不规则结构沿纬圈向西漂移，21∶30至03∶00 LT，西向漂移速度在约40 m/s至130 m/s的范围内变化；在桂林地区，磁静日午夜前后引起L波段电波闪烁的电离层不规则结构沿纬圈向东漂移，漂移速度从约70 m/s下降到约55 m/s，磁扰日午夜前不规则结构向西漂移，速度从约150 m/s下降到约50 m/s，午夜后转为向东漂移，速度从约25 m/s上升到约65 m/s。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。