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It is well known that the large lattice mismatch (16%) and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between GaN and sapphire substrate are the main origins of TDs. By new growing technique of LEO, we acquired high quality GaN films almost free of TDs. The stress characteristics in GaN films with MLTB growing technique is dependent on growing systems and conditions, and the changes of stress and dislocation density are rightabout; Combining buffer layers of high temperature and low temperature is first developed to growing GaN films with low dislocation density, and the mechanism of lowering TDs density is that the first buffer layer of high temperature can make nuclear in second buffer layer of low temperature bigger. This technique also can restrain yellow luminescence effectively.

众所周知，晶格失配和热应力失配是GaN异质外延中位错产生的主要原因；为此，我们对几种降低缺陷的MOCVD外延生长方法进行了新的尝试，其中尝试了侧向外延生长技术，得到了低位错密度（小于10〓/cm〓）、高质量的GaN外延层；尝试多低温缓冲层法，发现材料中的应力特性与生长系统和生长条件有关，材料中的应力与位错密度按相反方向变化；首次尝试高低温联合缓冲层法，材料中高温缓冲层可以使随后的低温缓冲层中成核颗粒增大，从而导致随后高温GaN外延膜中位错密度降低，并且能够有效地抑制黄光峰。

The low-temperature resistivity of filling skutterudite increases with the increase of temperature. However the slope of the resistivitytemperature curves are different. The curve of the sample with low filling fraction is smooth, and that of the samples with high filling fraction is sharp. It is caused by the existence of the impurities in the samples with low filling fraction.

填充型方钴矿材料的低温电阻率随镧填充率的变化规律与室温相同，但不同填充率的方钴矿材料的电阻率随温度变化的曲线的斜率不同，低填充率样品随温度变化趋势明显地比高填充率样品平缓，这种现象主要是由存在于低填充率样品中的杂质相引起的。

Results In 11 cases,5 cases were intracranial,and 6 cases intravertebral canal.MRI could effectively show similarly shuttle or long-round shape's abnormal signal imaging.The T1W imaging showed uniformity or asymmetric and low or equal signal.The borders were slighty low or equal signal intensity,some had spetum.The T2W imaging showed obviously high signal,and a few cases showed slightly high or equal signal,while the borders showed slightly low or equal signal imaging.The thin peripheral could be obviously enhanced,but without inner enhancement.

结果 11例中发生于颅内5例，椎管内6例，其 MRI 表现：断面上显示为在颅板下或椎管内的梭形或长圆形异常信号影， T1WI 上表现为均匀或不均匀的低、略低或等信号影，周边为略低或等信号的较厚边缘，少部分（2例）有分隔； T2WI 上多表现为较明显的高信号，少数呈等、略高信号，并可见略低或等信号的边缘；增强扫描病灶边缘明显强化，其内无明显强化或不强化，1例病灶呈较均匀的强化，1例病灶部分呈片状强化。

Through a series of quenching, tempering, tensile testing, low-temperature impact test and metallographic analysis, we ultimately came to the following conclusions:(1) low-carbon alloyed steel 20CrMn2NiMoV quenching at 870℃ and tempering at 200℃, whose structure contains tempered dislocation lath martensite and few small bainite under mixed, has the best obdurability;(2) Carbon Steel 45CrMn2NiMoV quenching at 850℃ and tempering at 620℃, whose structure is sorbitic, has a performance less than that of low-carbon Alloyed steel, but it can also meet the basic design requirements.(3) Mn can substitute for the role of Ni within limited extent.

通过一系列淬火、回火、拉伸试验、低温冲击试验以及金相分析，最终得出以下主要结论：（1）低碳合金钢20CrMn2NiMoV经870℃淬火+200℃回火，得到回火位错型板条马氏体+少量细小下贝氏体的混合组织，具有最佳的强韧性配合；（2）中碳合金钢45CrMn2NiMoV经850℃淬火+620℃回火，得到回火索氏体组织，综合性能虽然不及低碳合金钢，但也能基本满足设计要求；（3）Mn在一定程度上能够替代Ni的作用，适量的Mn和Ni相互配合可以得到最佳的低温韧性，因此&以Mn代Ni&是低温钢材料研究开发中一条可行的适合我国资源状况的合金化思路。

The laboratory test on two-stage low-intensity magnetic separation and "medium- and low-intensity magnetic separation" technologies for the titanomagnetite was performed through selecting two-stage grinding-beneficiation technology based on -1.7mm coarse tailings abandoning. The results indicate that the technico-economic indexes of the two-stage beneficiation process based on "medium- and low-intensity magnetic separation" are better.

选择-1.7mm粗粒抛尾的两段磨选工艺对钛磁铁矿进行了二段弱磁和&中磁—弱磁&选别工艺的实验室试验，结果表明，&中磁—弱磁&二段选别工艺具有较好的技术经济指标。

The expression of p-p38 and Rho GDIαwas upregulated in LCA by either low shear stress or hypertension. However, the highest expression of p-p38 and Rho GDIαwas observed in LCA of low shear stress accompanied by hypertension.(4) Effect of low shear stress on both decreasing apoptosis and increasing proliferation of VSMCs in LCA was reversed by tributyrin, a HDAC inhibitor.

当高血压伴有低切应力时，两者的协同作用诱导p-Akt的表达水平进一步增加；(3)高血压和低切应力都可以诱导颈总动脉p38和Rho GDIα表达增加；当高血压伴有低切应力时，两者的协同作用诱导颈总动脉p38和Rho GDIα表达进一步增加；(4)HDAC抑制剂Tributyrin可以通过抑制VSMCs增殖，促进VSMCs凋亡，在干预低切应力诱导的血管重建中发挥作用。

No sleep no time no mercy i gotta hit em low low ground i'm low key when i spit it less carb more protein my body fitted one step to two step the routine no sign of morphine my body need iy take a trip to oc to cop live it just sip the caffeine i gotta get it one step to step the routine got it now it's going down now no time dont mess boy let's show you how just to move it let me show you just to groone now come inside let me show you how no time dont mess around boy let show you how just to move it work it out lets do girl so flwxible, accessible so hot like the sunshine mexico just feel the beat mr.bexter flow so hot so hot hot check the routine work it out just work it out mr.bexter jc turm it out sing it so fly show you what i'm about so hot so hot hot check the routine got it now it's going down now no time dont mess boy no time baby dont mess around check the routine now lets get down come inside let me show you how no time dont mess around boy no time baby dont mess around check the routine now lets get down

没有睡的时间没有怜悯我得打时间低低地，我低调，当我吐出来减少碳水化合物的蛋白质我的身体装一步一步的两个常规没有迹象吗啡需要我的身体是Iy 采取以法团，前往现场有警察刚喝咖啡因我得得到它一步步走向常规现在得到它现在下降没有时间请勿乱男孩让我们告诉您如何只将它让我告诉你现在只是groone 里面让我来告诉你如何周围没有男孩的时间请勿乱让我们告诉您如何只将它的工作中可以做女孩如此flwxible，访问这么热的阳光一样墨西哥只是觉得节拍mr.bexter流这么热这么热热例行检查工作，这只是工作中出 mr.bexter Jc的页转到出来这样唱飞告诉你什么，我对这么热这么热热例行检查现在得到它现在下降没有时间请勿乱男孩没有时间大约婴儿请勿乱现在的例行检查可以坐下里面让我来告诉你如何周围没有男孩的时间请勿乱没有时间大约婴儿请勿乱现在的例行检查可以坐下

The results showed that older age, women, widowed, low level education , unemployed, have religious belief and low income, obesity ,unhealth status, many doctor visits, no exercise and low sleep hours have bad quality of sleep.

研究结果发现，年龄越大、女性、丧偶、教育程度低、无工作、有宗教信仰以及个人收入较低者、肥胖者(BMI≧27)、自觉健康状况不佳、就医次数多、无运动以及睡眠时数小於6小时者的睡眠品质较不理想。

The results showed that older age, women, widowed, low level education , unemployed, have religious belief and low income, obesity , unhealth status, many doctor visits, no exercise and low sleep hours have bad quality of sleep.The study reveals that the sex, marital status, education, body mass index, health status, doctor visits, exercise status and sleep hours under six hours were significant associated with the quality of sleep.

本研究针对国人睡眠品质以及失眠情形加以探讨，研究结果显示，年龄越大、女性、丧偶、教育程度低、无工作、有宗教信仰以及个人收入较低者、肥胖者(BMI≧27)、自觉健康状况不佳、就医次数多、无运动以及睡眠时数小於6小时者的睡眠品质有较严重的情形；其中性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、身体质量指数、自觉健康状况、就医次数、运动状态以及睡眠时数小於6小时者是影响睡眠品质的因素。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。