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The dorsal lobes show fainter GABA staining and stronger 5-HT staining than that in the antennal lobes.

背叶中GABA免疫染色比嗅叶弱，而5-HT染色比嗅叶强。

All major neuropil regions are labeled by 5-HT antiserum except the optic lobes, antennal lobes and calyces of mushroom bodies, which are almost devoid of 5-HT immunoreactivity.

除常规的免疫阳性神经元(仅细胞质被标记的神经元和整个胞体都被标记的神经元)外，我们在前脑中部及触角叶内侧还发现了一些只有细胞核对 5-HT 抗血清发生反应的特殊神经元。

Calyx 5-parted, 2-dentate between lobes, strongly enlarged in fruit, bilaterally compressed, becoming somewhat clamshell-shaped, with distinct reticulate venation, irregularly emarginate-serrate; lobes unequal. Corolla violet or white, tubular; throat appendaged; limb 5-parted.

花萼5深裂，在裂片之间的具牙齿的2，强烈在果期扩大，两侧压扁，不规则，变得有点蛤壳形成，具离生网状脉序有锯齿；裂片不等长花冠紫色的或白色，管状；喉附属物；瓣片5深裂。

Mushroom bodies and antennal lobes in Oxycetonia jucunda were conspicuous. Calyces and lobes of the mushroom bodies.were much developed. In contrast, calyces of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata were extremely undeveloped. However, the postretinal fibres and circumpharyngeal nerves of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum were highly developed. In the three beetles, 5-HT immunoreactivity was present in all neuropils of the brain and the suboesophageal ganglion. The pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity and the localization of immunoreactive somata which often clustered into groups were similar among these beetles, while the immunoreactivity intensity was distinct, especially in the lamina.

结果显示，分类地位相近的三种甲虫脑结构大小相差悬殊：小青花金龟脑结构相对发达，蕈形体结构显著，具有发达的冠和叶，嗅叶发达；马铃薯瓢虫和榆紫叶甲的冠极度退化，嗅叶相对不发达；但榆紫叶甲具有十分发达的网膜后纤维和围咽神经。5-HT阳性纤维在三种甲虫的所有神经纤维网中几乎都有分布，且反应模式相似，但各神经纤维网特别是神经节层染色强度差异显著。5-HT阳性胞体有成群分布现象，且在三种甲虫脑中的空间分布位置基本一致。

Calyx 5-parted; lobes lanceolate-linear, less often broadly lanceolate, slightly enlarged, connivent in fruit, 2 adaxial lobes usually smaller.

花萼5深裂；线形的裂片披针形，宽披针形的较少的通常，稍扩大，在果期，通常小的2正面裂片。

Male flowers: perianth lobes 4 or 5, elliptic, connate 1/2 of length, slightly valvate, apex usually corniculate; stamens as many as and opposite to perianth lobes; filaments inflexed in bud; rudimentary pistil small.

雄花： 花被裂片4或5，椭圆，合生的长度达1/2，稍镊合状，先端通常具小角状突起；雄蕊同数的和对生于花被裂片；花丝在芽中内折；不发育雌蕊小。

Leaf blade ovate or ovate-cordate, apex cuspidate, basal lobes incurved and sometimes overlapping; peduncle ca. 1.5 cm; corona lobes shorter than gynostegium, truncate

或卵形心形的叶片卵形，先端骤尖，弯曲的基部裂片和有时重叠；花序梗约的1.5厘米；副花冠裂片短于合蕊冠，截形 22 Cynanchum wilfordii 隔山消

Leaf blade crenate or entire; leaf axils without branches; calyx lobes eglandular ciliate, otherwise often glandular hairy; corolla blue, purple, rarely white, lobes apically not thickened and erect to slightly patent

叶片具圆齿的或全缘；没有分枝的叶腋；萼裂片无腺体的纤毛虫，否则通常腺毛；蓝色，紫色，很少白色的花冠，裂片顶部不加厚和直立给开展稍 5 Pseudolysimachion spicatum 穗花

Stamens 5[or 10], epipetalous, alternate with corolla lobes if 5; staminodes 5 if present, epipetalous, opposite corolla lobes, scalelike or spatulate; anthers 1- or 2-celled, dehiscing by slits.

雄蕊5 [或者10 ]，着生花瓣上，如果5，与花冠裂片互生；退化雄蕊如果存在，着生在花瓣上，与花冠裂片对生，鳞片状或者匙形；花药1-2室，通过裂缝开裂。

Stamens as many as and opposite to perianth lobes, usually on the base of lobes; filaments filiform, short; anthers gynobasic or dorsifixed near base, 2-celled, parallel or divaricate, dehiscence usually longitudinal.

雄蕊与花被裂片对生并同数，通常位于裂片的基部；花丝丝状，短；花药着生子房基部或者靠近基部背着，2室，平行和极叉开，通常纵向开裂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。