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When a plate anchor is buried in the clay and subjected to uplift force, the difference of excess pore pressures on anchor top and base results in suction force, which may be beneficial to improve the uplift resistance of anchor, especially when wind and wave loadings apply quickly.

当黏土地基中的平板锚承受上拔力时，平板上、下表面超静孔压差形成的吸力使其抗拉承载力显著增加，对于风浪等快速加载条件尤其如此。

The disadvantages of the combat shotguns are the limited effective range of fire (about 50-70 meters with standard buckshot, up to 100-150 meters with specially designed subcaliber or fleschette loadings).

战斗霰弹枪的缺点是有限的火灾有效射程（约50-70米，标准巴克肖特，高达100-150米，专门设计的小口径或fleschette负荷）。

Loadings: Substances, such as china clay or other mineral fillers added to the furnish of paper .

填料：加于造纸浆料内的黏土或其他矿物的填充料。

Blends of 75/25 chloroprene rubber/natural rubberfilled with various loadings of precipitated silica were prepared,and their mechanical properties as well as the resistances to thermal aging and oil were studied.

研究了不同用量的沉淀法白炭黑填充质量比75/25的氯丁橡胶/天然橡胶共混物的物理机械性能、耐热老化性能和耐油性能，并用扫描电镜研究了共混物的结构。

The fracture toughness testing technique for the central cracked circular disk specimen is given to investigate the fracture behavior of brittle material polymethyl methacrylate under pure mode Ⅰ, pure mode Ⅱ and mixed-mode loadings. The experimental results show that the load distribution angle is always greater than 8° for all different loading conditions.

给出一个中心裂纹圆盘断裂试验的较完整的试验技术，并用此试验技术在岛津材料试验机上对有机玻璃(polymethyl methacrylate， PMMA)这种典型的脆性材料成功地进行纯Ⅰ型、纯Ⅱ型和复合型加载条件下的断裂试验。

The structure parameter influences on lateral stability, such as crankle rigidity ratio of arch rib, arch axis coefficient, arch high span ratio, lateral rigidity of bridge decking and arch rib ratio, the effect of non-orientedly conservative loadings of bridge deck, lateral wind loadings were discussed. Corresponding numerical charts were given, and they may be of some reference value and helpful to the parameter design of ribbed arches.2. In this paper, the example bridge is a long-span half-through CFST arch bridge of a 100m span in Yi Lan.

分析了拱肋的抗扭刚度与横向抗弯刚度比、拱轴系数、矢跨比、桥面系的横向抗弯刚度与拱肋的横向抗弯刚度比、桥面系横向刚度引起的非保向力效应、横向风荷载对单肋拱横向稳定的影响，并给出了相应的图表，为拱桥设计时拱肋的结构参数的选取提供一定的依据。

The structure parameter influences on lateral stability, such as crankle rigidity ratio of arch rib, arch axis coefficient, arch high span ratio, lateral rigidity of bridge decking and arch rib ratio, the effect of non-orientedly conservative loadings of bridge deck, lateral wind loadings were discussed.

分析了拱肋的抗扭刚度与横向抗弯刚度比、拱轴系数、矢跨比、桥面系的横向抗弯刚度与拱肋的横向抗弯刚度比、桥面系横向刚度引起的非保向力效应、横向风荷载对单肋拱横向稳定的影响，并给出了相应的图表，为拱桥设计时拱肋的结构参数的选取提供一定的依据。

By calculating the equivalent loading,the process of strength degradation under random loading was transformed into a process under the deterministic loading,and the relationship between reliability andtimes of loading action was obtained.Besides,the time-dependent reliability models under multi-loadings were established by analyzing the relationship between action times of different loadings and time.

该模型通过计算当量载荷，将随机载荷作用下的强度退化过程等效为确定性载荷作用下的退化过程，得到零件可靠度与载荷作用次数的关系，在此基础上，通过分析不同载荷出现次数与时间的关系，得到多个载荷共同作用下零件可靠度随时间的变化规律。

Catenary single rib arch that carries vertical loadings and transverse wind loadings was analyzed in this paper, calculation formula of critical loading of lateral stability flexuosity by the energy principle.

本文通过对承受竖向均布荷载和横向风荷载的悬链线单肋无铰拱的分析，利用能量原理，建立了单肋拱的横向静风稳定屈曲临界荷载的计算公式。

The results of trickling biofiltration experiments purging benzene vapor show that volume removal loadings of biofilters are increased along with the volume loadings, but the relationship between them are non-linear.

混合菌生物滴滤塔净化含苯废气的研究结果表明：滤塔填料的体积去除负荷随体积负荷的增加而增加，但二者并非线性关系；气体停留时间越短，滤塔的净化效率越低；活性炭滤塔的净化效率较高，但压降要远高于拉西环滤塔的压降。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。