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Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

At last, 2KVA - experimental prototypes of AC power supplies of multiple-loop analog and digital control system have been made. Fast dynamic response and load compatibility have been verified by the experiment of step change in the load and under rated full-wave diode bridge rectifier load.

最后各研制了一台2KVA的多环模拟控制系统逆变电源实验样机和数字化控制系统逆变电源实验样机，切换负载实验和负载适应性实验分别验证了逆变电源系统具有良好的动态性能和负载适应性。

In this paper, the limit load of buried pipe, that is used in Nanjing city nature gas using engineering, was studied by finite element analysis under various groundsill character, pedestal angle and ground pressure, and the risk assessment for this piping was performed. The limit load of buried pipe was measured by experiments. The research contents and results were as follows:(1) With FEA method, the effects of various groundsill character, pedestal angle and ground pressure on the limit load of buried pipe were studied.

本文主要针对南京市城市天然气利用工程的埋地管道，研究其在不同地基性质、支座包角和地面载荷情况下的极限载荷，并进行了试验研究，同时进行了风险评价，主要研究内容与结论如下：(1)通过有限元计算分析，研究了不同地基性质、支座包角和地面载荷对埋地管道极限载荷的影响。

Derives the formulae for calculating the distortion and stress on the acting surface of flexspline load in the drive process of the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator;(2) analyzes and compares the performance of plastic and steel products under light load drive and calculates the probably reached limit of drive ratio for both types of flexsplines under the same load;(3) applies the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator to the small-sized multiple-revolution electric device of valves by taking into consideration of the low limit of the drive ratio for the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator made of plastics, improves the design on the main drive mechanism of the traditional small-sized multiple-revolution electric device of valves, and validates through examples the feasibility for the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator made of plastics to be applied to the small-sized multiple-revolution electric device of valves. Finally the author performs calculations on the two types of the flexsplines of the harmonic gear with three-wave wavegenerator by using the finite element method and analyzes the causes for the errors.

本文根据三波谐波齿轮传动的运动变形特点，采用弹性薄壳的力矩理论，推导了三波谐波齿轮传动柔轮载荷作用面上的变形及应力计算公式；分析比较了轻载传动情况下塑料和钢材的性能，计算了塑料制谐波柔轮和钢制谐波柔轮在相同载荷情况下可能达到的传动比极限；对塑料制及钢制三波谐波齿轮柔轮进行了有限元计算，分析了产生误差的原因；针对三波塑料谐波齿轮传动比极限低的特点，将之运用于小转矩多回转阀门电动装置中，对传统的小型多回转阀门电动装置的主传动机构进行了改良设计，并通过实例验证了三波塑料谐波齿轮传动在小转矩多回转阀门电动装置中应用的可行性。

Result It showed that tracking error, reaction time, correct rate, category scale, multistage evaluation scale, multi-dimensional scale, latency of P3, inter beat interval , inter respiration interval and blink rate were significantly different among the various tasks. CS,MES and MDS were more sensitive to the total load; ER ,LAT, IBI and IRI were more sensitive to the load of primary task, while RT and CR to that of additional task and BR to the visual load.

结果 追踪误差、反应时、正确率、类别量表评分、多级估量量表评分、多维量表评分、P3潜伏期、逐次心跳间期、逐次呼吸间期和眨眼率在不同任务之间有显著差异(P＜0.05)，CS、MES和MDS对任务总负荷，ER、LAT、IBI和IRI对主任务负荷，RT和CR对附任务负荷，BR对视觉负荷更敏感。

CS,MES and MDS were more sensitive to the total load; ER ,LAT, IBI and IRI were more sensitive to the load of primary task, while RT and CR to that of additional task and BR to the visual load.

结果 追踪误差、反应时、正确率、类别量表评分、多级估量量表评分、多维量表评分、P3潜伏期、逐次心跳间期、逐次呼吸间期和眨眼率在不同任务之间有显著差异(P＜0.05)，CS、MES和MDS对任务总负荷，ER、LAT、IBI和IRI对主任务负荷，RT和CR对附任务负荷，BR对视觉负荷更敏感。

For the ill conditioned load flow caused by the error produced in the transformation from electricity quantities to average power, direct current load flow and sensitivity vector are presented to find out the ill node, then by adjusting the load curve and generation curve in a certain principle, which is shown in detail with several flow charts, a new operation mode is reestablished to ensure the convergence of the calculation. Optimal multiplier method is proposed to work out the least square solution according to ill conditioned structural power network. The electricity quantities flow method enhances the reliability and accuracy of the calculation of the power transmission losses.

该方法可根据当前输电网中各个变电站24小时的电量记录，利用电量潮流计算对输电网总线损和各条线路损耗进行计算，使计算的精度满足降损措施分析和指标考核的要求；并且对于由负荷出力曲线转化成平均功率计算潮流时引入的误差，进而导致潮流计算不收敛的情况，采用直流潮流法，依据相角对有功功率的灵敏度向量判断出"网络异常点"，并且给出了解决此种情况的方法流程图；针对结构病态的电力系统潮流计算不收敛的情况，运用非线性约束优化方法中的最优乘子法求解潮流方程的最小二乘解，从而解决了电量潮流法计算理论线损时的收敛性问题，增强了该方法的适用性。

Finally, it analyses the time complexity of the algorithm and researches how it is influenced by culture operator.3、The paper presents the evaluation standard of the GA's application capability. Basing on characters such as continuity, multi-peak, vibration, randomicity as well as large-scale, five functions are selected to test search ability and robustcity of co-evolution algorithm. Finally, it analyses the simulation result and researches the influence of algorithm brought by culture operators.4、Basing on the concept of collection overcast, it researches the task distribution issue and constitutes delaminated math model on task distribution issue. It puts out the co-evolution algorithm of subtask's decomposing. The experiment compare IGA、SGA to CN and validates the efficiency of co-evolution algorithm on the NP completeness issue.5、Being aim at the optimization issue of load of antenna near ground, it combines many GA strategies and puts forward strategic meme. And it puts out co-evolution algorithm of load of antenna design. And it emulates the optimization design of load of antenna near ground. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the continuum search issues of multi-variable and multi-peak value.6、Being aiming at the knowledge of image model matching, it adopts single meme and real code. It puts out fast co-evolution matching algorithm strategy. Basing on NPROD resemble measurement, I emulate the indiscrimination model matching and discrimination model matching. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the real code and real time search issue.

分析了算法的时间复杂度，研究了文化算子对算法时间复杂度的影响。3、提出了GA的应用性能评价标准，从连续性、多峰性、随机性、振荡性、广域性多个角度出发选择五个测试函数，对共同进化算法的搜索性能和鲁棒性作了函数优化的性能测试，分析了仿真结果，研究了文化算子对算法的影响。4、基于集覆盖的概念，研究了MAS中的任务分配问题，建立了任务分配问题的分层数学模型，给出了子任务分解共同进化算法，实验比较了IGA、SGA、CN，验证了共同进化算法对NP完全问题的有效性。5、针对近地天线加载优化设计问题，结合多种改进GA策略，提出了策略型拟子，给出天线加载设计的共同进化算法，对有耗半空间对称偶极子天线加载优化设计作了仿真实验，验证了共同进化算法对多变量多峰连续搜索问题上的有效性。6、针对图像模板匹配问题的领域知识，采用单类拟子和实数编码，给出快速共同进化匹配算法策略，基于NPROD相似度测度，仿真试验了无差别和有差别模板匹配，验证了共同进化算法对实数编码和实时性搜索问题上的有效性。

Tests of three interior and three edge slab-column connections are studied in this paper. The properties of connections under vertical load and lateral reversed load are analyzed. The load-displacement hysteretic curve, development of crack, energy dissipation capacity and failure mode of slab-column connections are studied.

本文首先进行了六个板柱节点在竖向剪力和低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，探讨了节点不平衡弯矩、板厚、柱截面尺寸、板配筋率等对节点受力性能和抗震性能的影响，分析了节点的荷载-位移滞回曲线、裂缝开展、延性性能和破坏形态等。

As of Tuesday, Google's results were still censored in China.

截至周二，谷歌的搜索结果仍受中国审查。

In order to make the positive action increase and negative one decrease, the sub-forces of the social factors must be adjusted to form a centripetal force.

在这一过程中，人的主体性发挥是社会有机体健康发展的灵魂。