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As a compress-bend structure, with increasing of the span, length slender ratio and carrying load of arch increase, lateral rigidity and width span ratio of arch ring minish relatively. During construction and service stages, lateral stability becomes more important and a control factor of arch bridge design.

拱肋作为压弯结构，随着跨径的增大，杆件的长细比及所承受的荷载也随之增大，拱圈横向刚度、宽跨比相对减小，在施工阶段及使用阶段横向稳定问题特别突出，常常成为拱桥设计的控制因素。

As a structure that is compressed and bended, with increasing of the span, length slender ratio and carrying load of arch increase, lateral rigidity and width span ratio of arch ring minish relatively. During constructing and bring to bear, lateral stability becomes especially severity and a control factor of arch bridge design.

拱作为压弯结构，随着跨径的增大，杆件的长细比及所承受的荷载也随之增大，拱圈横向刚度、宽跨比相对减小，在施工阶段及使用阶段横向稳定问题特别突出，常常成为拱桥设计的控制因素。

On the base of various methods evaluating high-temperature stability of asphalt mixture and the fact that framework structure asphalt macadam mixture strength mainly from internal frictional resistance, dynamic load press-in test with confined pressure is adopted in the paper.

在综述沥青混合料高温稳定性各种评价方法的基础上，对强度主要来源于内摩阻力的嵌挤骨架类沥青碎石混合料，本文采用具有侧限、能反映材料3向受力状态的动载压入法进行研究。

Porous asphalt concrete is composed of asphalt mastic, coarse aggregate, thin aggregate, stuff and admixture. Such a combination is expected to fully integrate these materials. In this way, the function of interlocking among particles can be performed, a firm net of porous asphalt framework formed and the ability to resist rut and wear developed. The different mixture results in different effects; the quality is so complicated that the factors that cause damage are multiple. Therefore, it is bothersome to choose one material that can be adjusted to various conditions everywhere, such as the traffic volume, load and the weather. The current study mainly investigates and analyzes the main factor that caused flaws after the roads paved with porous asphalt concrete have been open. The analysis aims to search for the best solutions, promote the quality, prolong its availability and finally reach the purpose of complete use.

多孔隙沥青混凝土依其组成材料由沥青胶泥、粗粒料、细粒料、填充料、添加物等组成，目的是希望藉由以上材料的组合能充分接触，发挥颗粒间互锁作用，形成牢固的连锁网的沥青混凝土架构，发挥粒料本身良好的抗车辙及抗磨损之能力，因添加物的不同所发挥出的效果亦不同，其性质甚为复杂，造成损坏之因素亦属多重性，要择其适用於各地迥异之各种条件，如交通量、荷载及气候环境等因子，极为繁琐，本研究主要探讨及分析已铺筑之多孔隙沥青混凝土铺面，经通车后产生之缺失主要因素，以寻求其最佳解决方案，提升品质与延长使用寿命，进而达到全面使用。

For the work study, I worked as a custodian, carpet layer, computer lab assistant, grounds keeping, librarian, painter, tour guide, etc. If you understand the US credit system, you will understand this is a heavy load.

研究的工作，我作为保管人，地毯层，计算机实验室助理，场地管理，图书馆馆长，画家，导游等，如果你了解美国的信用体系，你会明白这是一个沉重的负担。

The properties are also studied, which testified that firm load technology for metallic substrate catalyst has a board foreground in automobile catalyst application.

研究证明本论文研究的以金属表面预处理为主体的涂层牢固负载技术，能够广泛应用于各种类型的机动车尾气催化净化剂中。

Following, a experiment has been carried out, the incident waves with a frequency band of 200kHz-3 50kHz are used to the experiment, and a series of peak value-time curves are drawn each 10kHz, corresponding time are found through fitting peak value, thus the position of the defect is calculated accurately. The application of awl-shaped sensor head in the heat change water pipe experiment indicates that the ultrasonic guided waves may transmit nearly 50 meters in the pipe, which is not influenced by the elbows and makes it possible to test defects in long distance and large-scale. The water-load pipe experiment indicates that the displace and energy maybe leakage at the near-surface, which is significant for the further research.

而后，采用200kHz至350kHz频段的入射波进行了实验验证，并每隔10kHz绘出一条峰值一时间的曲线，通过拟合峰值点，找到对应的时间，从而准确的计算出了缺陷的所在；应用锥形探头的热交换水管的实验表明，超声导波可以在管道中传播了近50米的距离，且不受弯头的影响，从而使得长范围、大规模检测成为可能，水载管实验说明了离面位移和能量可能会发生泄漏的特性，为导波的深入研究和应用作了铺垫。

WT5BZIf a transfer case with inter axle differential is mounted on the vehicles of whole wheel drive, the torque distribution of respeative axle will be approximately equal to the axle load distribution.

在全轮驱动的汽车上设置带轴间差速器的分动器，可使汽车各轴转矩分配接近其轴荷分配，从而有效地利用各轴的地面附着条件，充分发挥汽车的动力性。

The present conditions of increasing axle load for railway freight cars in Europe are described.

介绍了欧洲铁路货运车辆增加轴重的现状，并指出了未来的发展方向。

Two methods are used to analyze DF8B locomotive axle load transfer on the ramp analysis,the results were compared.

采用了两种方法对东风8B型机车在坡道上的轴重转移进行了分析，并对结果进行了对比。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。