查询词典 linear

Theinitializations both use the cost function with nominal head. Their difference is thatcontinuous function is adopted in successive linear programming while piecewiseapproximation employs the two piecewise linear segment function.

大量计算的结果表明，初始迭代点的计算采用电厂设计水头下的出力 I特性能加快整个模型的收敛性，在逐次线性规划中采用这种方式计算的初始迭代点尤其接近问题的最优点。

The linear and piecewise linear interplotion function for displacement interplotion are used for the transition element formulation according to the displacement compatibility requirement between element interfaces.

这些初步成果为利用安装在桥梁结构健康监测系统上输出的应变—时程数据，对这类焊接构件进行热点应力推算和准确合理的疲劳损伤评估提供了理论和计算基础。

The piecewise-linear feedback control law is off-line computed by LMI optimization problems and the on-line control computation reduces to the simple evaluation of the defined piecewise linear function, which makes the online computational efficiency significantly improved.

针对预测控制滚动优化命题的在线计算任务大，作者提出了一种基于分段反馈的离线预测控制算法，通过离线求解线性矩阵不等式优化命题构造分段反馈控制律，在线运行时只需实施满足条件的反馈控制律，极大地提高了控制器在线计算效率。

The results indicated that the piecewise linear function approach was easy to model nonlinear unit consumptions with a higher accuracy without regressing any parameter, and the related model could be solved quickly for a medium size problem.Meanwhile, the piecewise linear function approach could simultaneously handle nonlinearities of multi raw materials in a unit without adding any new integer variable.

案例结果表明，分段线性函数不需要回归参数，建模简单，精度较高，对于中等规模问题求解时间短，能够同时处理装置的多种原料非线性单耗，而不需要增加新的整数变量，多项式函数则不具有这些优点。

The original linear model can be used to analyze the stability of Pogo vibration,but the results of linear model simulation are not so satisfied.

传统的线性管路模型可以用来进行Pogo振动的稳定性分析；但直接用于振动过程的仿真时，却与实际发生的振动现象差别较大。

The attitude error equation for the polar gyro is linear time-invariant, and that for the equator gyro is linear and time varying. Furthermore, they are independent of each other.

极轴陀螺的姿态误差方程是线性定常的，赤道陀螺的姿态误差方程是线性时变的，并且极轴陀螺与赤道陀螺的姿态误差方程是相互独立的。

The effects of the linear birefringence and incident polarizing angle upon the performance of a bulk glass optical current sensor are derived and analyzed, a modulation formula to describe the influences of the linear birefringence to the output signal of the sensor is given.The effect of the incident polarizing angle upon the performance of the system and the condition to determine if or not it can exert the influence are also given.

对线性双折射及入射起偏角对光学玻璃电流传感器输出特性的影响进行了理论推导与分析，给出了光学玻璃电流传感器在非理想状态下线性双折射对输出电压的调制函数的数学表达式，并给出了入射起偏角对系统影响的数学表达式及其对系统有无影响的条件。

Besides, useful information including the linear range, the maximum trapping force, and the error associated with the linear approximation of trapping force when the particle was in the nonlinear regime was deduced from the experimental data for each polystyrene bead size. In the 2nd part, we report the application of oscillatory optical tweezers to trap and oscillate three different types of E.

此外，我们也从一些曲线的讯息得到有用的资讯，如每种聚苯乙烯小球量测的线性范围、最大光钳力以及允许10%最大误差时的线性趋近光钳力等等。

Linear preserver problems is to study the linear maps leaving some properties of elements in algebras invariant.

算子代数上的线性保持问题是研究保持算子代数中元素的某种特征不变的线性映射。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。